{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409269128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637","title":"Ante-Hoc Methods for Interpretable Deep Models: A Survey","display_name":"Ante-Hoc Methods for Interpretable Deep Models: A Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409269128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050441275","display_name":"Antonio Di Marino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Di Marino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085036881","display_name":"Vincenzo Bevilacqua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Bevilacqua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-3222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083215657","display_name":"Angelo Ciaramella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Ciaramella","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Parthenope, Napoli, Italy","University of Naples Parthenope,  Napoli, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-7995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Parthenope, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Parthenope,  Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008040085","display_name":"Ivanoe De Falco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivanoe De Falco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-1195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078804257","display_name":"Giovanna Sannino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-8761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Sannino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy","Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-8761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.7505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99332828,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"10","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8526415824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48209527134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33183640241622925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8526415824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48209527134895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33183640241622925}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/146158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/146158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3728637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3728637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324632","display_name":"Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico","ror":"https://ror.org/011z3ff80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26924883","https://openalex.org/W1670263352","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1996796871","https://openalex.org/W2007696762","https://openalex.org/W2098411764","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2118022153","https://openalex.org/W2128532956","https://openalex.org/W2132166479","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2149033360","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2739349903","https://openalex.org/W2765813195","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2809925683","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2950768109","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963374347","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W2975495759","https://openalex.org/W2990283237","https://openalex.org/W3004725381","https://openalex.org/W3011179515","https://openalex.org/W3015177564","https://openalex.org/W3037784242","https://openalex.org/W3081876271","https://openalex.org/W3085389796","https://openalex.org/W3087851140","https://openalex.org/W3093551005","https://openalex.org/W3093681468","https://openalex.org/W3093718041","https://openalex.org/W3097858943","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3113107791","https://openalex.org/W3116286104","https://openalex.org/W3124792046","https://openalex.org/W3135579708","https://openalex.org/W3137125108","https://openalex.org/W3138819813","https://openalex.org/W3154435685","https://openalex.org/W3167787620","https://openalex.org/W3176595389","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3186197713","https://openalex.org/W3194668998","https://openalex.org/W3199384803","https://openalex.org/W3211639647","https://openalex.org/W3215430231","https://openalex.org/W3216710262","https://openalex.org/W4200580215","https://openalex.org/W4205332171","https://openalex.org/W4206997729","https://openalex.org/W4210725851","https://openalex.org/W4231827019","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4283519547","https://openalex.org/W4285798540","https://openalex.org/W4290375100","https://openalex.org/W4295808856","https://openalex.org/W4295854586","https://openalex.org/W4300235091","https://openalex.org/W4304014782","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4312960814","https://openalex.org/W4321350922","https://openalex.org/W4382318226","https://openalex.org/W4385488843","https://openalex.org/W4388183174","https://openalex.org/W4389116835","https://openalex.org/W4391645809","https://openalex.org/W4392816633","https://openalex.org/W4393146528","https://openalex.org/W4394597894","https://openalex.org/W4394597976","https://openalex.org/W4395117550","https://openalex.org/W4396870938","https://openalex.org/W4400438464","https://openalex.org/W4400493363","https://openalex.org/W4402592750","https://openalex.org/W4402916436","https://openalex.org/W4403782544","https://openalex.org/W4404650485","https://openalex.org/W6684456340","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6779809370","https://openalex.org/W6779823529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130],"increasing":[1],"use":[2,98],"of":[3,30,53,61,66,81,85,109,123,132],"black-box":[4],"networks":[5,19],"in":[6,127],"high-risk":[7],"contexts":[8],"has":[9],"led":[10],"researchers":[11,94],"to":[12,16,26,93,97,101,119],"propose":[13],"explainable":[14],"methods":[15,22,46,76,100,125,146],"make":[17],"these":[18,45],"transparent.":[20],"Most":[21],"that":[23,39,77],"allow":[24],"us":[25],"understand":[27],"the":[28,40,50,59,63,74,82,107,121,124],"behavior":[29,52,65],"Deep":[31],"Neural":[32],"Networks":[33],"(DNNs)":[34],"are":[35,135],"post-hoc":[36],"approaches,":[37],"implying":[38],"explainability":[41],"is":[42],"questionable,":[43],"as":[44],"do":[47],"not":[48],"clarify":[49,102],"internal":[51,64,83],"a":[54],"model.":[55],"Thus,":[56],"this":[57,128,133],"demonstrates":[58],"difficulty":[60],"interpreting":[62],"deep":[67,86,148],"models.":[68,149],"This":[69,104],"systematic":[70],"literature":[71],"review":[72],"collects":[73],"ante-hoc":[75],"provide":[78],"an":[79],"understanding":[80],"mechanisms":[84],"models":[87],"and":[88,112,143],"which":[89,115],"can":[90],"be":[91,117],"helpful":[92],"who":[95],"need":[96],"interpretability":[99,111,122,145],"DNNs.":[103],"work":[105,134],"provides":[106],"definitions":[108],"strong":[110],"weak":[113],"interpretability,":[114],"will":[116],"used":[118],"describe":[120],"discussed":[126],"article.":[129],"results":[131],"divided":[136],"mainly":[137],"into":[138],"prototype-based":[139],"methods,":[140,142],"concept-based":[141],"other":[144],"for":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}