{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411025502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128","title":"Quantum Computing in the RAN with Qu4Fec: Closing Gaps Towards Quantum-based FEC processors","display_name":"Quantum Computing in the RAN with Qu4Fec: Closing Gaps Towards Quantum-based FEC processors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411025502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3727128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193547","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","issn_l":"2476-1249","issn":["2476-1249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073384158","display_name":"Nikolaos Apostolakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-9887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Apostolakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-9887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117828744","display_name":"Marta Sierra-Obea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Sierra-Obea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8103-1955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059416594","display_name":"Marco Gramaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-1853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gramaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-1853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018392822","display_name":"Jose A. Ayala\u2010Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-3174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163160","display_name":"DoCoMo Communications Laboratories Europe GmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/04qae1p49","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219","https://openalex.org/I4210143714","https://openalex.org/I4210163160"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Ayala-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Laboratories Europe, Madrid, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-3174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Laboratories Europe, Madrid, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073770360","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Garc\u00eda\u2010Saavedra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2005-2222"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Garcia-Saavedra","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Laboratories Europe, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2005-2222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Laboratories Europe, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057196170","display_name":"Marco Fiore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Fiore","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065707703","display_name":"Albert Banchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-8537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Banchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-8537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086187463","display_name":"Xavier Costa\u2010P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-6109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130845","display_name":"i2CAT","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkks755","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Costa-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["i2CAT, NEC Laboratories Europe and ICREA, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-6109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"i2CAT, NEC Laboratories Europe and ICREA, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130845","https://openalex.org/I11932220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.906789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closing","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","score":0.8319284319877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.7050926089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.45333558320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4511486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.42970842123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24658066034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24618664383888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1958850622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.15419021248817444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.8319284319877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.7050926089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.45333558320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4511486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.42970842123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24658066034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24618664383888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1958850622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15419021248817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3727128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193547","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","issn_l":"2476-1249","issn":["2476-1249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3727128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3727128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193547","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","issn_l":"2476-1249","issn":["2476-1249"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6264524744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101139270, 101095871","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556696485","https://openalex.org/W1573665190","https://openalex.org/W1964402820","https://openalex.org/W2011610846","https://openalex.org/W2019013791","https://openalex.org/W2113132074","https://openalex.org/W2120915534","https://openalex.org/W2124450281","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2133068391","https://openalex.org/W2161044775","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2789254838","https://openalex.org/W2897264299","https://openalex.org/W2964073837","https://openalex.org/W2967801207","https://openalex.org/W2981573211","https://openalex.org/W3012960878","https://openalex.org/W3016543621","https://openalex.org/W3035054789","https://openalex.org/W3045419395","https://openalex.org/W3098430792","https://openalex.org/W3101166139","https://openalex.org/W3207755657","https://openalex.org/W4230167402","https://openalex.org/W4254301692","https://openalex.org/W4306178416","https://openalex.org/W4313452977","https://openalex.org/W4386558277","https://openalex.org/W4387885957","https://openalex.org/W4389158891","https://openalex.org/W4390350981","https://openalex.org/W4399121355","https://openalex.org/W4400945822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1766728438","https://openalex.org/W1668090144","https://openalex.org/W2504993638","https://openalex.org/W2083168956","https://openalex.org/W2980853820","https://openalex.org/W404373762","https://openalex.org/W2186004379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"mobile":[1,58],"communication":[2],"systems,":[3],"the":[4,20,32,52,69,80,115,153,159,196,224],"increasing":[5],"densification":[6],"of":[7,34,71,84,124,155,198,211,226],"radio":[8],"access":[9],"networks":[10],"is":[11],"creating":[12],"unprecedented":[13],"computational":[14],"stress":[15],"for":[16,94,177,195,229],"baseband":[17],"processing,":[18],"threatening":[19],"industry's":[21],"sustainability,":[22],"and":[23,48,63,142,157,167],"new":[24,220],"computing":[25,38,73],"paradigms":[26],"are":[27],"urgently":[28],"needed":[29],"to":[30,40,54,74,109,137,207],"improve":[31],"efficiency":[33],"wireless":[35,85,185,199,231],"processors.":[36,86,186,232],"Quantum":[37,72,102,202],"promises":[39],"revolutionize":[41],"many":[42],"computing-intensive":[43],"tasks":[44],"across":[45],"diverse":[46],"fields":[47],"therefore":[49],"may":[50,218],"be":[51,208],"key":[53],"realizing":[55],"ultra-dense":[56],"next-generation":[57],"systems":[59],"that":[60,147,180],"remain":[61],"economically":[62],"environmentally":[64],"viable.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67,189],"investigates":[68],"potential":[70],"accelerate":[75],"Forward":[76],"Error":[77,117],"Correction":[78],"(FEC),":[79],"most":[81],"compute-heavy":[82],"component":[83],"We":[87,128],"first":[88],"propose":[89],"Qu4Fec,":[90],"a":[91,133,191,212],"novel":[92],"solution":[93],"decoding":[95],"Low-Density":[96],"Parity":[97],"Check":[98],"(LDPC)":[99],"codes":[100],"on":[101,132,170,201],"Processing":[103],"Units":[104],"(QPUs),":[105],"which":[106],"we":[107,173],"show":[108],"outperform":[110],"state-of-the-art":[111],"approaches,":[112],"by":[113,120],"reducing":[114],"Block":[116],"Rate":[118],"(BLER)":[119],"nearly":[121],"an":[122],"order":[123],"magnitude":[125],"in":[126],"simulation.":[127],"then":[129],"implement":[130],"Qu4Fec":[131],"real-world":[134],"QPU":[135,150],"platform":[136],"study":[138],"its":[139],"practical":[140],"viability":[141],"performance.":[143],"Our":[144],"experiments":[145],"reveal":[146],"current":[148],"cutting-edge":[149],"architectures":[151],"curb":[152],"capabilities":[154],"FEC":[156,227],"expose":[158],"underlying":[160],"factors,":[161],"including":[162],"long":[163],"qubit":[164],"chains,":[165],"scaling,":[166],"quantization.":[168],"Based":[169],"these":[171],"insights,":[172],"suggest":[174],"original":[175],"blueprints":[176],"future":[178],"QPUs":[179,205],"can":[181],"better":[182],"support":[183],"Quantum-based":[184],"Overall,":[187],"this":[188],"provides":[190],"reliable":[192],"reality":[193],"check":[194],"feasibility":[197],"processing":[200],"annealers:":[203],"as":[204],"start":[206],"considered":[209],"part":[210],"possible":[213],"6G":[214],"landscape,":[215],"our":[216],"work":[217],"open":[219],"research":[221],"paths":[222],"towards":[223],"design":[225],"methods":[228],"Quantum-powered":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}