{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412376913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729921","title":"CIRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model with Collective Intelligence","display_name":"CIRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model with Collective Intelligence","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412376913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729921","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729921","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729921","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102632601","display_name":"Chenxu Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5228-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxu Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5228-7989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040867646","display_name":"Haihui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-9121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-9121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033921366","display_name":"Jinchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1835-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1835-1700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112892087","display_name":"Lin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9570-767X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9570-767X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374360","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and State Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442321","display_name":"Weiping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8618-4992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1316","last_page":"1326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8047997951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5237255692481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47462213039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.4351046085357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34504538774490356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047997951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5237255692481995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47462213039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4351046085357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34504538774490356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729921","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729921","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729921","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729921","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G201311321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZTZB-23-990-024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2979264281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E3V0571114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412376913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412376913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914304175","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W3034995113","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4287855076","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4367060669","https://openalex.org/W4385570777","https://openalex.org/W4385571271","https://openalex.org/W4385572217","https://openalex.org/W4385573900","https://openalex.org/W4386576705","https://openalex.org/W4389519118","https://openalex.org/W4389519226","https://openalex.org/W4389520103","https://openalex.org/W4389520342","https://openalex.org/W4396722757","https://openalex.org/W4404782110","https://openalex.org/W6600339963","https://openalex.org/W6604786921","https://openalex.org/W6810081322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retrieval-augmented":[0],"generation":[1],"(RAG)":[2],"paradigms":[3],"can":[4],"integrate":[5,125],"external":[6],"knowledge":[7,27],"to":[8,51,113,145],"enhance":[9],"and":[10,23,45,55,88,110,124,148,160],"validate":[11],"the":[12,25,41,49,53,71,79,143,194],"output":[13],"of":[14,38,48,57,81],"Large":[15],"Language":[16],"Models":[17],"(LLMs)":[18],"thereby":[19,120],"mitigating":[20],"generative":[21],"hallucinations":[22],"broadening":[24],"model's":[26],"scope.":[28],"Despite":[29],"advancements,":[30],"existing":[31,176],"RAG":[32,72,178],"methods":[33],"still":[34],"suffer":[35],"from":[36],"uncertainty":[37],"prediction":[39],"during":[40],"multi-round":[42],"retrieval-generation":[43],"process,":[44],"a":[46,92,115],"lack":[47],"ability":[50],"balance":[52],"adequacy":[54],"redundancy":[56],"retrieved":[58],"information.":[59],"To":[60],"address":[61],"these":[62,135],"challenges,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"CIRAG,":[66],"an":[67,138],"approach":[68,174],"that":[69,172],"combines":[70,108],"process":[73],"with":[74,158],"collective":[75,195],"intelligence.":[76,196],"Inspired":[77],"by":[78,100],"crowd":[80],"wisdom,":[82],"CIRAG":[83,95,141],"simulates":[84],"individual":[85],"independent":[86],"decision-making":[87],"information":[89,127,150],"aggregation":[90],"within":[91],"crowd.":[93],"Specifically,":[94],"first":[96],"enhances":[97],"retrieval":[98],"diversity":[99],"expanding":[101],"queries":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"extracted":[105],"entities,":[106],"then":[107],"frequency-based":[109],"semantic-based":[111],"reranking":[112,119],"form":[114],"multi":[116],"granularity":[117],"fusion":[118],"assessing":[121],"better":[122],"relevance,":[123],"multiple":[126],"sources":[128],"for":[129,151,165],"accurate":[130],"content":[131],"generation.":[132],"By":[133],"undertaking":[134],"steps":[136],"in":[137,184,193],"integrated":[139],"manner,":[140],"enables":[142],"model":[144],"acquire":[146],"comprehensive":[147],"non-redundant":[149],"generating":[152],"responses.":[153],"We":[154],"conduct":[155],"extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"HotPotQA":[159],"2WikiMultihopQA":[161],"datasets,":[162],"popular":[163],"benchmark":[164],"retrieval-based,":[166],"multi-step":[167],"question-answering.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"show":[171],"our":[173],"surpasses":[175],"advanced":[177],"framework":[179],"while":[180],"providing":[181],"high":[182],"portability":[183],"query":[185],"expansion":[186],"as":[187,189],"well":[188],"strong":[190],"comprehensiveness":[191],"exhibited":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
