{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412396168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729920","title":"CG-RAG: Research Question Answering by Citation Graph Retrieval-Augmented LLMs","display_name":"CG-RAG: Research Question Answering by Citation Graph Retrieval-Augmented LLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412396168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729920","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729920","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729920","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060713000","display_name":"Yuntong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University, Atlanta, GA, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-9039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100315542","display_name":"Zhihan Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University, Atlanta, GA, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2909-1489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047822807","display_name":"Z. G. Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjie Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8433-9499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111300971","display_name":"Allen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5479-0622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029726023","display_name":"Abhinav Angirekula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinav Angirekula","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0295-0527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102601029","display_name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9808-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9808-6020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048756500","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-9989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060713000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8663,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98026478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"678","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.763135552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6143372654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6093963384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6057865023612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4223206043243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2533685564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.0799521803855896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.763135552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6143372654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6093963384628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057865023612976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4223206043243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2533685564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0799521803855896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729920","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729920","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3726302.3729920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3726302.3729920","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3726302.3729920","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546340150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1942594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1843124768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007716, 2007976, 1942594, 1907805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1967666769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4015763778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007716","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6946523033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01AG089806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","funder_display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412396168.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412396168.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W3008374555","https://openalex.org/W3021397474","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3112005222","https://openalex.org/W3145630588","https://openalex.org/W3157758108","https://openalex.org/W3208268490","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4316036080","https://openalex.org/W4317898419","https://openalex.org/W4389921502","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391221150","https://openalex.org/W4393621491","https://openalex.org/W4400531953","https://openalex.org/W4405648826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W3082787378","https://openalex.org/W2136007095","https://openalex.org/W2366230879","https://openalex.org/W3208425359","https://openalex.org/W2349927912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"question":[1,63,157],"answering":[2,158],"requires":[3],"accurate":[4],"retrieval":[5,47,54,99,123,126,176,180],"and":[6,45,56,79,83,97,111,124,144,182],"contextual":[7,69],"understanding":[8,113],"of":[9],"scientific":[10],"literature.":[11],"However,":[12],"current":[13],"Retrieval-Augmented":[14,36],"Generation":[15,37],"(RAG)":[16],"methods":[17,171],"often":[18],"struggle":[19],"to":[20,52,120,141],"balance":[21],"complex":[22],"document":[23],"relationships":[24],"with":[25,101,173],"precise":[26,143],"information":[27,140],"retrieval.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,66,87,129],"introduce":[33,88],"Contextualized":[34],"Graph":[35,90],"(CG-RAG),":[38],"a":[39,68,131],"novel":[40],"framework":[41,167],"that":[42,135,164],"integrates":[43,95],"sparse":[44,96],"dense":[46,98],"signals":[48,100],"within":[49,82],"graph":[50,70,102,116,122],"structures":[51],"enhance":[53],"efficiency":[55],"subsequently":[57],"improve":[58],"generation":[59,133,183],"quality":[60],"for":[61,72],"research":[62,156],"answering.":[64],"First,":[65],"propose":[67],"representation":[71],"citation":[73,115],"graphs,":[74],"effectively":[75],"capturing":[76],"both":[77],"explicit":[78],"implicit":[80],"connections":[81],"across":[84,160],"documents.":[85],"Next,":[86],"Lexical-Semantic":[89],"Retrieval":[91],"(LeSeGR),":[92],"which":[93],"seamlessly":[94],"encoding.":[103],"It":[104],"bridges":[105],"the":[106,137],"gap":[107],"between":[108],"lexical":[109],"precision":[110],"semantic":[112],"in":[114],"retrieval,":[117],"demonstrating":[118],"generalizability":[119],"existing":[121],"hybrid":[125],"methods.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"present":[130],"context-aware":[132],"strategy":[134],"utilizes":[136],"retrieved":[138],"graph-structured":[139],"generate":[142],"contextually":[145],"enriched":[146],"responses":[147],"using":[148],"large":[149],"language":[150],"models":[151],"(LLMs).":[152],"Extensive":[153],"experiments":[154],"on":[155],"benchmarks":[159],"multiple":[161],"domains":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"our":[165],"CG-RAG":[166],"significantly":[168],"outperforms":[169],"RAG":[170],"combined":[172],"various":[174],"state-of-the-art":[175],"approaches,":[177],"delivering":[178],"superior":[179],"accuracy":[181],"quality.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
