{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408833154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725892","title":"The Motivational Power of Levels and High Scores: Examining their impact on User Experience and Persistence within Gamified Tasks","display_name":"The Motivational Power of Levels and High Scores: Examining their impact on User Experience and Persistence within Gamified Tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408833154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725892","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287961","display_name":"Games Research and Practice","issn_l":"2832-5516","issn":["2832-5516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725892","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026588382","display_name":"Panote Siriaraya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4695-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27429435","display_name":"Kyoto Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00965ax52","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27429435"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panote Siriaraya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Human Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4695-6417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Human Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27429435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shunta Adachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0027-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168356945","display_name":"Kyoto Sangyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t70xh16","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168356945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunta Adachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0027-0731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168356945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079500031","display_name":"Valentijn Visch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5502-1691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentijn Visch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5502-1691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056415875","display_name":"Renske Spijkerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-5446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085896","display_name":"Parnassia Groep","ror":"https://ror.org/002wh3v03","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210085896"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renske Spijkerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), Brijder Addiction Treatment, The Hague, Netherlands","Brijder Addiction Treatment, Parnassia Group, Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), The Hague, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-5446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), Brijder Addiction Treatment, The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085896"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brijder Addiction Treatment, Parnassia Group, Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), The Hague, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000787648","display_name":"Shinsuke Nakajima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-6885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168356945","display_name":"Kyoto Sangyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t70xh16","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168356945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinsuke Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-6885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168356945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026588382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27429435"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96509545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistence","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","score":0.8881775140762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5239940881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44988706707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.336245059967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32887035608291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3079322874546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12824797630310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07937997579574585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.8881775140762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5239940881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44988706707954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.336245059967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32887035608291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3079322874546051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12824797630310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07937997579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725892","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287961","display_name":"Games Research and Practice","issn_l":"2832-5516","issn":["2832-5516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725892","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287961","display_name":"Games Research and Practice","issn_l":"2832-5516","issn":["2832-5516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Games: Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7587461353","display_name":"Kyoto Sangyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t70xh16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408833154.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67424421","https://openalex.org/W134467738","https://openalex.org/W162947531","https://openalex.org/W988853315","https://openalex.org/W1410719325","https://openalex.org/W1482273480","https://openalex.org/W1519128746","https://openalex.org/W1741765804","https://openalex.org/W1803184879","https://openalex.org/W1991092301","https://openalex.org/W1998933811","https://openalex.org/W2034144472","https://openalex.org/W2037621702","https://openalex.org/W2049080106","https://openalex.org/W2065071081","https://openalex.org/W2096650495","https://openalex.org/W2100026102","https://openalex.org/W2106388603","https://openalex.org/W2108631245","https://openalex.org/W2108682032","https://openalex.org/W2111511443","https://openalex.org/W2125071906","https://openalex.org/W2131598366","https://openalex.org/W2131875738","https://openalex.org/W2147939204","https://openalex.org/W2169828024","https://openalex.org/W2187022131","https://openalex.org/W2274642938","https://openalex.org/W2305130666","https://openalex.org/W2509254371","https://openalex.org/W2566152916","https://openalex.org/W2573081168","https://openalex.org/W2579739974","https://openalex.org/W2581839940","https://openalex.org/W2782867311","https://openalex.org/W2793598623","https://openalex.org/W2810994710","https://openalex.org/W2890095514","https://openalex.org/W2947812004","https://openalex.org/W2965547186","https://openalex.org/W2978447111","https://openalex.org/W2992701435","https://openalex.org/W3004421593","https://openalex.org/W3008435232","https://openalex.org/W3015535174","https://openalex.org/W3020652251","https://openalex.org/W3025887383","https://openalex.org/W3130431100","https://openalex.org/W3135382210","https://openalex.org/W3191036075","https://openalex.org/W3206726477","https://openalex.org/W4220898846","https://openalex.org/W4231042348","https://openalex.org/W4250133364","https://openalex.org/W4281551648","https://openalex.org/W4379795603","https://openalex.org/W6606659776","https://openalex.org/W6642458940","https://openalex.org/W6693596036","https://openalex.org/W6752989324","https://openalex.org/W7075321430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1995895161","https://openalex.org/W2352063914","https://openalex.org/W2047377442","https://openalex.org/W4406031101","https://openalex.org/W4251362959","https://openalex.org/W2017131795","https://openalex.org/W3205546307","https://openalex.org/W2883299638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Progression-based":[0],"game":[1,94],"elements":[2],"such":[3,235],"as":[4,28,236],"player":[5,149,173,232],"progression,":[6,20,98,100],"which":[7,21,85],"allows":[8],"one's":[9],"character":[10],"to":[11,49,78,106,129,161,214,251],"level":[12,228],"up":[13],"and":[14,57,101,134,174,184,201],"grow":[15],"in":[16,31,38,104,147,159,171,193],"strength":[17],"or":[18,227,239],"difficulty":[19,175,195,211],"provides":[22],"users":[23],"with":[24,115],"increasingly":[25],"difficult":[26],"challenges":[27],"they":[29],"progress":[30],"their":[32,52],"task":[33,84],"are":[34],"widely":[35],"used":[36,128],"techniques":[37],"contemporary":[39],"gamification":[40],"design.":[41],"However,":[42],"few":[43],"studies":[44],"have":[45],"been":[46,87],"carried":[47],"out":[48,80],"examine":[50],"in-depth":[51],"influence":[53],"on":[54,90],"user":[55],"experiences":[56,256],"motivation.":[58],"In":[59,110],"this":[60],"study,":[61],"two":[62],"experiments":[63],"were":[64,76],"conducted:":[65],"the":[66,81,111,118,121,142,148,162,166,172,188,194,216,225,254],"first,":[67],"a":[68,107],"between":[69],"subject":[70],"experiment":[71],"involving":[72],"78":[73],"participants":[74,146,170,192],"who":[75],"asked":[77],"carry":[79],"dot":[82,143],"judgment":[83,144],"had":[86],"gamified":[88],"based":[89],"three":[91,122],"different":[92],"progression-based":[93,123],"systems,":[95],"i.e.,":[96],"Difficult":[97],"Player":[99],"Performance":[102],"progression":[103,150,176,196,212,233],"comparison":[105,160],"non-gamified":[108],"condition.":[109,164],"second":[112],"experiment,":[113],"conducted":[114],"35":[116],"participants,":[117],"effect":[119],"of":[120,156,181,219,229],"systems":[124,213],"was":[125],"investigated":[126],"when":[127],"gamify":[130],"an":[131],"inherently":[132,167,189],"desirable":[133,190,220],"undesirable":[135,168,258],"task.":[136],"The":[137],"results":[138],"showed":[139],"that":[140,207,241],"for":[141,187,257],"task,":[145,169,191],"condition":[151,177,197],"reported":[152,178],"significantly":[153],"lower":[154],"levels":[155,180],"negative":[157],"affect":[158,183],"control":[163],"For":[165],"higher":[179],"positive":[182],"competence,":[185],"while":[186,231],"spent":[198],"more":[199],"time":[200],"persisted":[202],"longer.":[203],"These":[204],"findings":[205],"suggested":[206],"designers":[208],"could":[209,248],"leverage":[210],"amplify":[215],"natural":[217],"appeal":[218],"tasks":[221],"by":[222],"gradually":[223],"increasing":[224],"complexity":[226],"challenge,":[230],"mechanisms":[234],"awarding":[237],"titles":[238],"roles":[240],"reflect":[242],"progressive":[243],"achievements":[244],"from":[245],"sustained":[246],"efforts":[247],"be":[249],"leveraged":[250],"help":[252],"improve":[253],"emotional":[255],"tasks.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}