{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408906791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725738","title":"What Are You Looking Forward to? Deliberate Positivity as a Promising Strategy for Conversational Agents","display_name":"What Are You Looking Forward to? Deliberate Positivity as a Promising Strategy for Conversational Agents","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408906791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725738","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725738","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058184102","display_name":"Libby Ferland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Libby Ferland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-4799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063342322","display_name":"Risako Owan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-9876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risako Owan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-9876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116823944","display_name":"Zachary Kunkel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Kunkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9905-4917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046662726","display_name":"Hannah Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7286-5327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016462041","display_name":"Maria Gini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Gini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-1055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036282513","display_name":"Wilma Koutstaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilma Koutstaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058184102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I2800403580","https://openalex.org/I4210101327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92626086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39301300048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.35532957315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3523125648498535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39301300048828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.35532957315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3523125648498535}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725738","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3725738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3725738","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3725738","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408906791.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68876795","https://openalex.org/W1752968064","https://openalex.org/W1900956557","https://openalex.org/W1983835887","https://openalex.org/W1991015565","https://openalex.org/W1994833890","https://openalex.org/W1997742585","https://openalex.org/W2006888110","https://openalex.org/W2026844733","https://openalex.org/W2051865918","https://openalex.org/W2056373990","https://openalex.org/W2061773773","https://openalex.org/W2075589112","https://openalex.org/W2082189438","https://openalex.org/W2084068173","https://openalex.org/W2091043437","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2104592817","https://openalex.org/W2117309811","https://openalex.org/W2135512675","https://openalex.org/W2138720796","https://openalex.org/W2139323826","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2405187948","https://openalex.org/W2577450518","https://openalex.org/W2592385860","https://openalex.org/W2602331152","https://openalex.org/W2603297031","https://openalex.org/W2751379218","https://openalex.org/W2796010926","https://openalex.org/W2802585180","https://openalex.org/W2806569034","https://openalex.org/W2808135558","https://openalex.org/W2810325845","https://openalex.org/W2851979111","https://openalex.org/W2889335577","https://openalex.org/W2891025703","https://openalex.org/W2892500282","https://openalex.org/W2895995041","https://openalex.org/W2897056332","https://openalex.org/W2914312077","https://openalex.org/W2921414601","https://openalex.org/W2922503844","https://openalex.org/W2942968409","https://openalex.org/W2944585061","https://openalex.org/W2946119234","https://openalex.org/W2953163902","https://openalex.org/W2964543620","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970321701","https://openalex.org/W2975920545","https://openalex.org/W2984639147","https://openalex.org/W2988978290","https://openalex.org/W2990327199","https://openalex.org/W2996036453","https://openalex.org/W3026561989","https://openalex.org/W3031204178","https://openalex.org/W3032205432","https://openalex.org/W3036770237","https://openalex.org/W3047975279","https://openalex.org/W3049583205","https://openalex.org/W3082809360","https://openalex.org/W3096440693","https://openalex.org/W3124790762","https://openalex.org/W3129715473","https://openalex.org/W3134484834","https://openalex.org/W3147706553","https://openalex.org/W3168881649","https://openalex.org/W3186026192","https://openalex.org/W3187911027","https://openalex.org/W3204134093","https://openalex.org/W3205211246","https://openalex.org/W4210684480","https://openalex.org/W4242828871","https://openalex.org/W4250120644","https://openalex.org/W4285065456","https://openalex.org/W4286273849","https://openalex.org/W4289755063","https://openalex.org/W4295955338","https://openalex.org/W4304758258","https://openalex.org/W4307582432","https://openalex.org/W4309938382","https://openalex.org/W4311906538","https://openalex.org/W4327811787","https://openalex.org/W4362472235","https://openalex.org/W4378908428","https://openalex.org/W4380082272","https://openalex.org/W4381597568","https://openalex.org/W4384520878","https://openalex.org/W4384662767","https://openalex.org/W4385729932","https://openalex.org/W4391941125","https://openalex.org/W4392946041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversational":[0],"agents":[1],"(CAs)":[2],"are":[3,126],"one":[4],"of":[5,40,48,54,75,91,136,159,175,184,192,232,245,284,292],"the":[6,51,76,87,110,113,115,122,134,154,190,210,239,282,288],"most":[7],"promising":[8,230],"technologies":[9,81],"for":[10,67,79,127,287,296],"helping":[11],"older":[12,69,170,297],"adults":[13,70,171],"maintain":[14],"independence":[15],"longer":[16],"by":[17,101,242],"augmenting":[18],"their":[19],"support":[20],"and":[21,38,64,89,95,121,150,157,205,225,248,261,280,290],"social":[22,107,167],"networks.":[23],"Voice-based":[24],"technology":[25,56],"in":[26,31,57,72,83,147,166,250],"particular":[27],"is":[28,43,86,98],"especially":[29],"powerful":[30],"this":[32,84,130,180,233,278],"regard":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,103,142,145,164,188,207,263],"its":[36,200],"accessibility":[37],"ease":[39],"use.":[41],"There":[42],"also":[44],"a":[45,160,185,196,229,243,253,267],"growing":[46],"body":[47],"evidence":[49],"supporting":[50],"potential":[52],"use":[53,179],"such":[55,61,219],"mitigating":[58],"common":[59],"issues":[60],"as":[62,182,195,220],"loneliness":[63],"isolation,":[65],"particularly":[66],"independent":[68],"aging":[71],"place.":[73],"One":[74],"key":[77],"challenges":[78],"smart":[80],"deployed":[82],"context":[85],"development":[88],"maintenance":[90],"long-term":[92],"user":[93,203,223,259,274],"engagement":[94],"adoption,":[96],"which":[97],"often":[99],"addressed":[100],"attempting":[102],"closely":[104],"mimic":[105],"human":[106],"interactions.":[108],"However,":[109],"more":[111,116,123],"human-like":[112],"system,":[114],"glaring":[117],"fault":[118],"conditions":[119],"become,":[120],"jarring":[124],"they":[125],"users.":[128],"In":[129],"study":[131],"we":[132],"explore":[133],"effectiveness":[135],"an":[137],"alternative":[138],"conversational":[139,197,234,294],"strategy":[140],"meant":[141],"encourage":[143],"users":[144,251],"engage":[146,165],"positive":[148,246,255],"reflection":[149,249],"introspection.":[151],"We":[152,177,236,269],"detail":[153],"iterative":[155],"design":[156,289],"implementation":[158],"prototype":[161],"CA":[162,244],"developed":[163],"conversation":[168,247],"with":[169,266],"on":[172,202,257],"selected":[173],"topics":[174],"interest.":[176],"then":[178],"system":[181],"part":[183],"multi-method":[186],"approach":[187],"investigate":[189],"effect":[191],"deliberate":[193,240],"positivity":[194],"strategy,":[198],"including":[199,217],"impact":[201,256],"impressions":[204],"willingness":[206],"continue":[208,264],"using":[209],"CA.":[211],"Our":[212],"results":[213,286],"from":[214],"different":[215],"approaches,":[216],"methods":[218],"psycholinguistic":[221],"analysis,":[222],"self-report,":[224],"researcher-based":[226],"coding,":[227],"paint":[228],"picture":[231],"design.":[235],"show":[237],"that":[238],"encouragement":[241],"has":[252],"measurable":[254],"both":[258],"enjoyment":[260],"desire":[262],"engaging":[265],"system.":[268],"further":[270],"demonstrate":[271],"how":[272],"some":[273],"characteristics":[275],"may":[276],"amplify":[277],"effect,":[279],"discuss":[281],"implications":[283],"these":[285],"testing":[291],"future":[293],"systems":[295],"adults.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}