{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408796419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3724130","title":"Development and Validation of Moral Concern for Robot Scale (MCRS)","display_name":"Development and Validation of Moral Concern for Robot Scale (MCRS)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408796419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3724130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3724130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3724130","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3724130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3724130","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079295108","display_name":"Sachie Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-6493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314466530","display_name":"Tokai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7qe739","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sachie Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Sociological Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan and  ATR, Kyoto, Japan","Tokai University, ATR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Sociological Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan and  ATR, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokai University, ATR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Takayuki Kanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-5825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129581","display_name":"Kyoto University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhhr656","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129581"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Kanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan","Kyoto University, ATR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I4210129581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University, ATR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012033472","display_name":"Kohki Arimitsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-1190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206011266","display_name":"Kwansei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qf2tx24","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohki Arimitsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan","Kwansei Gakuin University, ATR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kwansei Gakuin University, ATR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079295108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314466530"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05300717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5944652557373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4499656558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4230564534664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40403568744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3660776615142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24693214893341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19671300053596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10717713832855225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5944652557373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4499656558036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4230564534664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40403568744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3660776615142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24693214893341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19671300053596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10717713832855225}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3724130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3724130","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3724130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3724130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3724130","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3724130","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408796419.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":138,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126045610","https://openalex.org/W350888970","https://openalex.org/W635149649","https://openalex.org/W1246373950","https://openalex.org/W1502301152","https://openalex.org/W1627191216","https://openalex.org/W1767799491","https://openalex.org/W1965412817","https://openalex.org/W1966891409","https://openalex.org/W1977793234","https://openalex.org/W1979628236","https://openalex.org/W1982979344","https://openalex.org/W1983423649","https://openalex.org/W1987900808","https://openalex.org/W1991742101","https://openalex.org/W1993760488","https://openalex.org/W2000120390","https://openalex.org/W2001343909","https://openalex.org/W2003350835","https://openalex.org/W2003654197","https://openalex.org/W2009675410","https://openalex.org/W2012511508","https://openalex.org/W2022185534","https://openalex.org/W2024228489","https://openalex.org/W2025929695","https://openalex.org/W2025958121","https://openalex.org/W2027421096","https://openalex.org/W2028029365","https://openalex.org/W2029028464","https://openalex.org/W2029353330","https://openalex.org/W2040878892","https://openalex.org/W2044664635","https://openalex.org/W2049520464","https://openalex.org/W2055892307","https://openalex.org/W2062845262","https://openalex.org/W2067933440","https://openalex.org/W2070257463","https://openalex.org/W2070850637","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2076379017","https://openalex.org/W2084954869","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2093822404","https://openalex.org/W2096812562","https://openalex.org/W2096910467","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2100737460","https://openalex.org/W2111742571","https://openalex.org/W2117401803","https://openalex.org/W2119659537","https://openalex.org/W2123791568","https://openalex.org/W2125806375","https://openalex.org/W2129748849","https://openalex.org/W2131227926","https://openalex.org/W2131490687","https://openalex.org/W2132218683","https://openalex.org/W2135479081","https://openalex.org/W2136267579","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2143910019","https://openalex.org/W2151645026","https://openalex.org/W2153148122","https://openalex.org/W2155646922","https://openalex.org/W2159769996","https://openalex.org/W2164980806","https://openalex.org/W2165098668","https://openalex.org/W2165558852","https://openalex.org/W2166267632","https://openalex.org/W2167251605","https://openalex.org/W2176239760","https://openalex.org/W2176759570","https://openalex.org/W2197539730","https://openalex.org/W2282380228","https://openalex.org/W2294877885","https://openalex.org/W2330152664","https://openalex.org/W2333508197","https://openalex.org/W2346769983","https://openalex.org/W2371817592","https://openalex.org/W2403516908","https://openalex.org/W2405357702","https://openalex.org/W2503524012","https://openalex.org/W2506282302","https://openalex.org/W2508059211","https://openalex.org/W2571180032","https://openalex.org/W2575127097","https://openalex.org/W2601958593","https://openalex.org/W2616027181","https://openalex.org/W2623886678","https://openalex.org/W2738048415","https://openalex.org/W2787747587","https://openalex.org/W2792355186","https://openalex.org/W2792480533","https://openalex.org/W2793727073","https://openalex.org/W2796606062","https://openalex.org/W2809116934","https://openalex.org/W2886287583","https://openalex.org/W2910296741","https://openalex.org/W2912923624","https://openalex.org/W2928509365","https://openalex.org/W2930955510","https://openalex.org/W2951503759","https://openalex.org/W2954640544","https://openalex.org/W2975828981","https://openalex.org/W2981186584","https://openalex.org/W3007498243","https://openalex.org/W3040106645","https://openalex.org/W3040142604","https://openalex.org/W3083574057","https://openalex.org/W3084790180","https://openalex.org/W3115305336","https://openalex.org/W3115805648","https://openalex.org/W3125923573","https://openalex.org/W3158962138","https://openalex.org/W3161410790","https://openalex.org/W3163428404","https://openalex.org/W3173106049","https://openalex.org/W3178626536","https://openalex.org/W3192218208","https://openalex.org/W3200246001","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4231577330","https://openalex.org/W4235157082","https://openalex.org/W4241566444","https://openalex.org/W4241850560","https://openalex.org/W4243724405","https://openalex.org/W4246800732","https://openalex.org/W4246895232","https://openalex.org/W4247983055","https://openalex.org/W4250223980","https://openalex.org/W4254670259","https://openalex.org/W4254779800","https://openalex.org/W4255655703","https://openalex.org/W4311184832","https://openalex.org/W4383186352","https://openalex.org/W4388222744","https://openalex.org/W4389240422","https://openalex.org/W6635920612","https://openalex.org/W6736295194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,8,89,142,161],"moral":[4,27,38],"concern":[5,34],"exhibited":[6],"toward":[7,149],"robots":[9,23],"that":[10,119],"are":[11],"being":[12],"introduced":[13],"into":[14],"society.":[15],"Although":[16],"much":[17],"debate":[18],"has":[19],"focused":[20],"on":[21],"whether":[22],"should":[24],"be":[25,123,168],"granted":[26],"status,":[28],"some":[29],"of":[30,71],"us":[31],"do":[32],"show":[33],"for":[35,54],"them":[36],"as":[37],"patients.":[39],"We":[40,87],"conducted":[41],"three":[42],"surveys":[43],"in":[44,93,101,146],"creating":[45],"and":[46,79,152,171],"validating":[47],"a":[48,97,150,169],"new":[49],"scale":[50],"called":[51],"Moral":[52],"Concern":[53],"Robot":[55],"Scale":[56],"(MCRS),":[57],"designed":[58],"to":[59,122,144,167],"measure":[60],"such":[61],"concern.":[62],"In":[63],"Study":[64,94,102,107,126],"1,":[65],"we":[66],"created":[67],"an":[68],"initial":[69],"version":[70],"MCRS,":[72],"confirmed":[73,110,131],"its":[74,81],"content":[75],"validity":[76,112,133],"by":[77,96,113],"experts,":[78],"explored":[80],"factor":[82,99],"structure":[83,91],"with":[84,116],"500":[85],"participants.":[86],"verified":[88],"three-factor":[90],"derived":[92],"1":[95],"confirmatory":[98],"analysis":[100],"2":[103,108],"(n":[104,128],"=":[105,129],"500).":[106],"also":[109],"construct":[111],"authenticating":[114],"correlations":[115],"other":[117,157],"measures":[118],"were":[120],"predicted":[121,154],"theoretically":[124],"relevant.":[125],"3":[127],"500)":[130],"predictive":[132],"using":[134],"experimental":[135],"vignette":[136],"methodology.":[137],"Specifically,":[138],"MCRS":[139,164],"positively":[140],"influenced":[141],"willingness":[143],"engage":[145],"prosocial":[147],"behavior":[148],"robot":[151],"better":[153],"it":[155],"than":[156],"relevant":[158],"scales.":[159],"From":[160],"overall":[162],"results,":[163],"is":[165],"demonstrated":[166],"valid":[170],"reliable":[172],"instrument.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}