{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408488648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164","title":"Time Series Analysis Neural Networks for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks of Different Rates on Power Grid State Estimation","display_name":"Time Series Analysis Neural Networks for Detecting False Data Injection Attacks of Different Rates on Power Grid State Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408488648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3723164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049644810","display_name":"Danushka Senarathna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8823-159X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danushka Senarathna","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale","School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083284025","display_name":"Spyros Tragoudas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2575-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyros Tragoudas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale","School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010716113","display_name":"Jason Wibbenmeyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146424","display_name":"Ameren (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwqjy30","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Wibbenmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ameren Corporation Missouri","Ameren Corporation Missouri, St Louis, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ameren Corporation Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ameren Corporation Missouri, St Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093034086","display_name":"Nasser Khdeer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146424","display_name":"Ameren (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04xwqjy30","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Khdeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ameren Corporation Missouri","Ameren Corporation Missouri, St Louis, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ameren Corporation Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ameren Corporation Missouri, St Louis, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049644810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76218687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6300233602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.6160237789154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6062812805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5700677037239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5655199289321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5597784519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5458011627197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4498060941696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40274855494499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38715869188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31721821427345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2317001223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1700918972492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11463180184364319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6300233602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.6160237789154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6062812805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5700677037239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5655199289321899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5597784519195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5458011627197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4498060941696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40274855494499207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38715869188308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31721821427345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2317001223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1700918972492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11463180184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3723164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3723164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3723164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2312446965","https://openalex.org/W2319367234","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2748840447","https://openalex.org/W2754034320","https://openalex.org/W2782995272","https://openalex.org/W2797025128","https://openalex.org/W2810041373","https://openalex.org/W2879766152","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2904081477","https://openalex.org/W2909120408","https://openalex.org/W2919785014","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2949867260","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2984195658","https://openalex.org/W3087958975","https://openalex.org/W3144087169","https://openalex.org/W3173870401","https://openalex.org/W3198381997","https://openalex.org/W3201629921","https://openalex.org/W3208222522","https://openalex.org/W4211258396","https://openalex.org/W4226206033","https://openalex.org/W4285407539","https://openalex.org/W4294811472","https://openalex.org/W4296095926","https://openalex.org/W4308158032","https://openalex.org/W4309771115","https://openalex.org/W4309941903","https://openalex.org/W4319297852","https://openalex.org/W4386914058","https://openalex.org/W4387489470","https://openalex.org/W4394642372","https://openalex.org/W4402421179","https://openalex.org/W6666761814","https://openalex.org/W6748314208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919101720","https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W4390822878","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W3146111732","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"False":[0],"Data":[1],"Injection":[2],"Attacks":[3],"(FDIAs)":[4],"that":[5,80,144],"target":[6],"the":[7,15,34,52,66,69,73,112,163,188,191,196,205,220,227,233],"state":[8],"estimation":[9],"pose":[10],"an":[11,139,156],"immense":[12],"threat":[13],"to":[14,89,110,121,128,161,215,232],"security":[16],"of":[17,68,76,131,167,190,208],"power":[18],"grids.":[19],"Deep":[20],"Neural":[21],"Network":[22],"(DNN)-based":[23],"methods":[24],"have":[25,43],"shown":[26],"promising":[27],"results":[28,177],"in":[29,219,226],"detecting":[30,62],"such":[31],"FDIAs.":[32],"Among":[33],"existing":[35,81],"state-of-the-art":[36,184],"DNN":[37,185],"models,":[38],"time":[39,57,82,103,107,123,147,168],"series":[40,58,83,104,108,124,148,169],"analysis":[41,59,84,170],"DNNs":[42,60,85,171],"demonstrated":[44],"superior":[45],"FDIA":[46,113,141,164,221],"detection":[47,74,114,142,165,206,222],"capability.":[48],"This":[49,96],"article":[50,97],"discusses":[51],"challenges":[53],"associated":[54],"with":[55,135],"applying":[56],"for":[61,102],"FDIAs":[63,90,130,209],"and":[64,106,150,195],"emphasizes":[65],"impact":[67],"attack":[70,94,133,174,212],"rate":[71,75,134,166,207,223],"on":[72,179],"attacks.":[77],"We":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"are":[86],"highly":[87],"vulnerable":[88],"executed":[91],"at":[92,210],"low":[93,211],"rates.":[95,213],"presents":[98],"various":[99],"alternative":[100],"implementations":[101],"classifiers":[105],"predictors":[109,152],"improve":[111],"rate.":[115,175],"A":[116],"novel":[117],"method":[118,194,202],"is":[119,153,159],"proposed":[120,192,197,200,228],"train":[122],"classification":[125],"neural":[126],"networks":[127],"detect":[129],"any":[132,173],"high":[136],"efficiency.":[137],"Subsequently,":[138],"enhanced":[140],"framework":[143,229],"includes":[145],"a":[146,216],"classifier":[149],"multiple":[151],"presented.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"analytical":[157],"criterion":[158],"derived":[160],"estimate":[162],"under":[172],"Experimental":[176],"obtained":[178],"IEEE":[180],"bus":[181],"systems":[182],"using":[183],"architectures":[186],"support":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"training":[193,201],"framework.":[198],"The":[199],"significantly":[203],"improved":[204],"Up":[214],"48%":[217],"improvement":[218],"was":[224],"observed":[225],"when":[230],"compared":[231],"state-of-the-art.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}