{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409060169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936","title":"Towards a Unified Framework for Split Learning","display_name":"Towards a Unified Framework for Split Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409060169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3721146.3721936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Machine Learning and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092950353","display_name":"Boris Radovi\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4142-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA","SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boris Radovi\u010d","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042255975","display_name":"Marco Canini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-4283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Canini","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041080860","display_name":"Samuel Horv\u00e1th","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-9260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Horv\u00e1th","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043398857","display_name":"Veljko Pejovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-0024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veljko Pejovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022815450","display_name":"Praneeth Vepakomma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-9296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praneeth Vepakomma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","MIT, Cambridge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092950353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015","https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88590175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.615319013595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32793688774108887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.615319013595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32793688774108887}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3721146.3721936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Machine Learning and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repozitorij.uni-lj.si:IzpisGradiva.php?id=168463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=168463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 979-8-4007-1538-9","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3721146.3721936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3721146.3721936","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Machine Learning and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W2963209930","https://openalex.org/W2969388332","https://openalex.org/W3091884625","https://openalex.org/W3135345339","https://openalex.org/W3141518839","https://openalex.org/W3177931007","https://openalex.org/W4283796083","https://openalex.org/W4405649636","https://openalex.org/W4405975339","https://openalex.org/W4406414406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Split":[0],"Learning":[1],"(SL)":[2],"is":[3,55],"a":[4,39,77],"principled":[5],"approach":[6],"for":[7,59,119],"training":[8,18],"models":[9],"on":[10,34],"data":[11],"distributed":[12],"across":[13],"multiple":[14,111],"devices":[15,47],"without":[16],"sharing":[17],"data.":[19],"While":[20],"SL":[21,63,84,112],"emerged":[22],"as":[23],"an":[24],"alternative":[25],"to":[26,29,80],"federated":[27],"learning":[28],"reduce":[30],"the":[31,49,98,120],"compute":[32],"burden":[33],"devices,":[35],"it":[36],"also":[37],"enables":[38],"more":[40],"fair":[41],"redistribution":[42],"of":[43,90],"work":[44],"between":[45],"edge":[46],"and":[48,61,95,109,114],"server.":[50],"Despite":[51],"its":[52,105],"potential,":[53],"there":[54],"no":[56],"unified":[57],"framework":[58,79],"implementing":[60,108],"deploying":[62],"algorithms,":[64,113],"leaving":[65],"several":[66],"research":[67,94],"questions":[68],"underexplored.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72,101],"gap,":[73],"we":[74,103,115],"introduce":[75],"SplitBud,":[76],"versatile":[78],"implement":[81],"virtually":[82],"any":[83],"algorithm.":[85],"By":[86],"supporting":[87],"various":[88],"variants":[89],"SL,":[91],"SplitBud":[92],"facilitates":[93],"development":[96],"in":[97],"field.":[99,121],"In":[100],"paper,":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"flexibility":[106],"by":[107],"evaluating":[110],"discuss":[116],"future":[117],"directions":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}