{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413758594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720534","title":"Grand Challenges in Trustworthy Computing at 20: A Retrospective Look at the Second CRA Grand Challenges Conference","display_name":"Grand Challenges in Trustworthy Computing at 20: A Retrospective Look at the Second CRA Grand Challenges Conference","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413758594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720534","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013154522","display_name":"Richard A. DeMillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-6506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. DeMillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Atlanta, Georgia, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038958507","display_name":"Eugene H. Spafford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-8330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene H. Spafford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, Computer Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, Computer Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10419396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"9","first_page":"54","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grand-challenges","display_name":"Grand Challenges","score":0.7571340799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6831305027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6051360964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grand-strategy","display_name":"Grand strategy","score":0.5182533264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.45361968874931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2909344434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.21239310503005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08866754174232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07129335403442383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777362162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5594431","display_name":"Grand Challenges","level":2,"score":0.7571340799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6831305027008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6051360964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172002799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268778","display_name":"Grand strategy","level":2,"score":0.5182533264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45361968874931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2909344434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21239310503005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08866754174232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07129335403442383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G103518271","display_name":"Exposing Grand Challenges in Information Security & Assurance","funder_award_id":"0335324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G331324724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCR-0335324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309036","display_name":"Purdue University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413758594.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413758594.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36745350","https://openalex.org/W1970703734","https://openalex.org/W2076818149","https://openalex.org/W2096248434","https://openalex.org/W3036004196","https://openalex.org/W3181370975","https://openalex.org/W4402288686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099183557","https://openalex.org/W2885416076","https://openalex.org/W4412375527","https://openalex.org/W4387459056","https://openalex.org/W3033550214","https://openalex.org/W2620301178","https://openalex.org/W3172015915","https://openalex.org/W2022195368","https://openalex.org/W3091814672","https://openalex.org/W4407591113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"commemorate":[1],"the":[2,6,20,75,90,120,131,137,159],"20th":[3],"anniversary":[4],"of":[5,77,113,119,130,161],"2003":[7],"Computing":[8],"Research":[9],"Association":[10],"(CRA)":[11],"Gordon-style":[12],"Conference":[13],"on":[14,93],"Grand":[15],"Challenges":[16],"in":[17,39,49,74,124,136],"Trustworthy":[18],"Computing,":[19],"original":[21,132],"attendees":[22],"were":[23],"invited":[24],"to":[25,54,88,153],"a":[26,63,71,85,110,144],"virtual":[27],"retrospective.":[28],"This":[29,102],"landmark":[30],"conference,":[31],"held":[32],"November":[33],"16\u201319,":[34],"2003,":[35],"at":[36,70],"Airlie":[37],"House":[38],"Northern":[40],"Virginia,":[41],"brought":[42],"together":[43],"50":[44],"technology":[45],"and":[46,52,67,99,157],"policy":[47],"experts":[48],"security,":[50],"privacy,":[51],"networking":[53],"identify":[55],"transformative":[56],"research":[57],"challenges.":[58],"The":[59],"resulting":[60],"report":[61],"became":[62],"cornerstone":[64],"for":[65,84,109],"researchers":[66],"funding":[68],"agencies":[69],"pivotal":[72],"moment":[73],"evolution":[76],"cybersecurity.":[78],"In":[79],"2023,":[80],"participants":[81,133],"met":[82],"online":[83],"six-week":[86],"period":[87],"review":[89],"progress":[91],"made":[92],"these":[94],"challenges,":[95],"assessing":[96],"successes,":[97],"failures,":[98],"lessons":[100],"learned.":[101],"article":[103],"distills":[104],"those":[105],"discussions,":[106],"offering":[107],"insight":[108],"new":[111,155],"generation":[112],"cybersecurity":[114],"professionals":[115],"who":[116],"face":[117],"many":[118,129],"same":[121],"threats":[122],"today":[123],"an":[125,151],"ever-evolving":[126],"landscape.":[127],"As":[128],"remain":[134],"active":[135],"field,":[138],"this":[139],"retrospective":[140],"not":[141],"only":[142],"provides":[143],"historical":[145],"perspective":[146],"but":[147],"also":[148],"serves":[149],"as":[150],"inspiration":[152],"tackle":[154],"challenges":[156],"secure":[158],"future":[160],"computing":[162],"infrastructure.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
