{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409311254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720433","title":"QbC: Quantum Correctness by Construction","display_name":"QbC: Quantum Correctness by Construction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409311254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720433","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720433","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048035236","display_name":"Anurudh Peduri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-7098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurudh Peduri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-7098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065261670","display_name":"Ina Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-761X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ina Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-761X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016087422","display_name":"Michael Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2965,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91756703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"OOPSLA1","first_page":"534","last_page":"562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8137338161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.46535900235176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4210693836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21109789609909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1821211576461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.15791290998458862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8137338161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.46535900235176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4210693836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21109789609909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1821211576461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15791290998458862}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720433","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3720433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3720433","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3720433","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":"EXC 2092: CyberSicherheit im Zeitalter gro\u00dfskaliger Angreifer (CASA)","funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3051364950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101040907","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4099354999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01MQ22006F","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5867346129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13N16135, 13N16303, 13N17173, 13N17170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7164833740","display_name":"Taming tensors: An optimization approach to computational invariant theory","funder_award_id":"OCENW.KLEIN.267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4303701741","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409311254.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409311254.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174696255","https://openalex.org/W1409569118","https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1541400212","https://openalex.org/W1556900989","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1990395475","https://openalex.org/W1999626800","https://openalex.org/W2009948449","https://openalex.org/W2011086847","https://openalex.org/W2011444209","https://openalex.org/W2044357043","https://openalex.org/W2051446825","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2121124751","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2132219490","https://openalex.org/W2147543351","https://openalex.org/W2155544688","https://openalex.org/W2157601714","https://openalex.org/W2160347025","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2174510006","https://openalex.org/W2294463722","https://openalex.org/W2493165198","https://openalex.org/W2563269605","https://openalex.org/W2566002283","https://openalex.org/W2787461609","https://openalex.org/W2790668893","https://openalex.org/W2792039802","https://openalex.org/W2805612073","https://openalex.org/W2860675612","https://openalex.org/W2923040277","https://openalex.org/W2949686459","https://openalex.org/W2955434816","https://openalex.org/W2963218353","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W2991353706","https://openalex.org/W3033997567","https://openalex.org/W3086466681","https://openalex.org/W3096417981","https://openalex.org/W3098397564","https://openalex.org/W3102773744","https://openalex.org/W3104433882","https://openalex.org/W3104993277","https://openalex.org/W3126077699","https://openalex.org/W3145563287","https://openalex.org/W3183916353","https://openalex.org/W3185435504","https://openalex.org/W3204266961","https://openalex.org/W3207402727","https://openalex.org/W4200164985","https://openalex.org/W4206043518","https://openalex.org/W4206365978","https://openalex.org/W4225141106","https://openalex.org/W4238931494","https://openalex.org/W4252547602","https://openalex.org/W4253748132","https://openalex.org/W4281389731","https://openalex.org/W4285226895","https://openalex.org/W4289855867","https://openalex.org/W4293197076","https://openalex.org/W4310628400","https://openalex.org/W4315605993","https://openalex.org/W4315606056","https://openalex.org/W4362639232","https://openalex.org/W4367180862","https://openalex.org/W4379802138","https://openalex.org/W4404573282","https://openalex.org/W4405432381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thanks":[0],"to":[1,30,71,89,131],"the":[2,23,126,140,154],"rapid":[3],"progress":[4],"and":[5,54,87,93,96,121,156,161],"growing":[6],"complexity":[7],"of":[8,12,158],"quantum":[9,13,33,40,73,105,116,159],"algorithms,":[10],"correctness":[11],"programs":[14,34,74,102,117],"has":[15,26],"become":[16],"a":[17,52,79,104,150],"major":[18],"concern.":[19],"Pioneering":[20],"research":[21],"over":[22],"past":[24],"years":[25],"proposed":[27],"various":[28],"approaches":[29,46],"formally":[31],"verify":[32],"using":[35],"proof":[36],"systems":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"Hoare":[41],"logic.":[42],"All":[43],"these":[44],"prior":[45],"are":[47],"post-hoc:":[48],"one":[49],"first":[50],"implements":[51],"program":[53,91,133],"only":[55],"then":[56],"verifies":[57],"its":[58],"correctness.":[59,83],"Here":[60],"we":[61,144],"propose":[62,94],"Quantum":[63],"Correctness":[64],"by":[65,114],"Construction":[66],"(QbC)":[67],":":[68],"an":[69],"approach":[70,127],"constructing":[72,101,115],"from":[75,108],"their":[76,109],"specification":[77],"in":[78,103,152],"way":[80],"that":[81,125,146],"ensures":[82],"We":[84,111,123],"use":[85],"pre-":[86],"postconditions":[88],"specify":[90],"properties,":[92],"sound":[95],"complete":[97],"refinement":[98],"rules":[99],"for":[100,118],"while":[106],"language":[107],"specification.":[110],"validate":[112],"QbC":[113,147],"idiomatic":[119],"problems":[120],"patterns.":[122],"find":[124],"naturally":[128],"suggests":[129],"how":[130],"derive":[132],"details,":[134],"highlighting":[135],"key":[136],"design":[137,155],"choices":[138],"along":[139],"way.":[141],"As":[142],"such,":[143],"believe":[145],"can":[148],"play":[149],"role":[151],"supporting":[153],"taxonomization":[157],"algorithms":[160],"software.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
