{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407848027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292","title":"Out-of-Distribution Data: An Acquaintance of Adversarial Examples - A Survey","display_name":"Out-of-Distribution Data: An Acquaintance of Adversarial Examples - A Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407848027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076453827","display_name":"Naveen Karunanayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-2958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Karunanayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-2958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002480499","display_name":"Ravin Gunawardena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravin Gunawardena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-7935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038376039","display_name":"Suranga Seneviratne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-5595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suranga Seneviratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-5595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037947876","display_name":"Sanjay Chawla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-2572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301390666","display_name":"Qatar Airways (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hx00y13","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Computing Research Institute, Doha, Qatar and Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","Qatar Computing Research Institute,  Doha, Qatar","Hamad Bin Khalifa University,  Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-2572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Computing Research Institute, Doha, Qatar and Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Computing Research Institute,  Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301390666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University,  Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.6228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99398708,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.840387225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6438663005828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.5018751621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4787832498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-data-collection","display_name":"Survey data collection","score":0.4208475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3775254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27549678087234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23458659648895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07954749464988708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.840387225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6438663005828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5018751621246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4787832498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4208475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3775254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27549678087234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23458659648895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07954749464988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719292","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593532658","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2047643928","https://openalex.org/W2065890363","https://openalex.org/W2095881341","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2104094955","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2732026016","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2788907134","https://openalex.org/W2867167548","https://openalex.org/W2888233014","https://openalex.org/W2947433239","https://openalex.org/W2954540134","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2963564844","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2983041926","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2993396030","https://openalex.org/W2997563872","https://openalex.org/W2998462233","https://openalex.org/W3006853338","https://openalex.org/W3015957163","https://openalex.org/W3015990833","https://openalex.org/W3034190247","https://openalex.org/W3034318565","https://openalex.org/W3035524670","https://openalex.org/W3097173730","https://openalex.org/W3098239467","https://openalex.org/W3101149139","https://openalex.org/W3106797537","https://openalex.org/W3109986841","https://openalex.org/W3130750757","https://openalex.org/W3170429638","https://openalex.org/W3177096435","https://openalex.org/W3196850540","https://openalex.org/W3200113267","https://openalex.org/W3202461527","https://openalex.org/W3209445167","https://openalex.org/W3212458349","https://openalex.org/W3214547528","https://openalex.org/W4205471456","https://openalex.org/W4213061003","https://openalex.org/W4214769349","https://openalex.org/W4214941840","https://openalex.org/W4221151182","https://openalex.org/W4224275454","https://openalex.org/W4225858632","https://openalex.org/W4245551996","https://openalex.org/W4246360676","https://openalex.org/W4283796600","https://openalex.org/W4285164362","https://openalex.org/W4285298351","https://openalex.org/W4287323182","https://openalex.org/W4288365067","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4300978711","https://openalex.org/W4301329292","https://openalex.org/W4306309320","https://openalex.org/W4307940854","https://openalex.org/W4312284582","https://openalex.org/W4312496688","https://openalex.org/W4312761717","https://openalex.org/W4365800072","https://openalex.org/W4372341722","https://openalex.org/W4380487448","https://openalex.org/W4383860171","https://openalex.org/W4386101168","https://openalex.org/W4390190766","https://openalex.org/W4394677476","https://openalex.org/W4396214365","https://openalex.org/W4399929809","https://openalex.org/W6682208247","https://openalex.org/W6779630795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"deployed":[4],"in":[5],"real-world":[6],"applications":[7],"can":[8,24],"encounter":[9],"out-of-distribution":[10],"(OOD)":[11],"data":[12,84],"and":[13,29,37,72,85,113,136,154,166,178,186],"adversarial":[14,38,111,185],"examples.":[15],"These":[16],"represent":[17],"distinct":[18],"forms":[19],"of":[20,49,126,174],"distributional":[21,127,145],"shifts":[22],"that":[23,183],"significantly":[25],"impact":[26],"DNNs\u2019":[27],"reliability":[28],"robustness.":[30,74,168],"Traditionally,":[31],"research":[32,56,67,142,181],"has":[33,58],"addressed":[34],"OOD":[35,70,76,86,97,114,134,149,164,187],"detection":[36,71,77,135,165],"robustness":[39,100,138],"as":[40,148],"separate":[41],"challenges.":[42],"This":[43,129],"survey":[44],"focuses":[45],"on":[46,123,162],"the":[47,55,96,124,172,175],"intersection":[48],"these":[50],"two":[51,65],"areas,":[52],"examining":[53],"how":[54,132],"community":[57],"investigated":[59],"them":[60],"together.":[61],"Consequently,":[62],"we":[63,118,158,170],"identify":[64],"key":[66],"directions:":[68],"robust":[69,108,133,163],"unified":[73,137,167,191],"Robust":[75],"aims":[78],"to":[79,94,105,140],"differentiate":[80],"between":[81],"in-distribution":[82],"(ID)":[83],"data,":[87],"even":[88],"when":[89],"they":[90],"are":[91],"adversarially":[92],"manipulated":[93],"deceive":[95],"detector.":[98],"Unified":[99],"seeks":[101],"a":[102,120,190],"single":[103],"approach":[104],"make":[106],"DNNs":[107],"against":[109],"both":[110],"attacks":[112],"inputs.":[115],"Accordingly,":[116],"first,":[117],"establish":[119],"taxonomy":[121],"based":[122],"concept":[125],"shifts.":[128],"framework":[130],"clarifies":[131],"relate":[139],"other":[141],"areas":[143],"addressing":[144],"shifts,":[146],"such":[147],"detection,":[150],"open":[151],"set":[152],"recognition,":[153],"anomaly":[155],"detection.":[156],"Subsequently,":[157],"review":[159],"existing":[160,176],"work":[161,177],"Finally,":[169],"highlight":[171],"limitations":[173],"propose":[179],"promising":[180],"directions":[182],"explore":[184],"inputs":[188],"within":[189],"framework.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}