{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415054979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765092","title":"Asymmetry Vulnerability and Physical Attacks on Online Map Construction for Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Asymmetry Vulnerability and Physical Attacks on Online Map Construction for Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415054979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719027.3765092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06071","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-5299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-5299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112071754","display_name":"Haibo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9959-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9959-9393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017671322","display_name":"Qun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-9404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-9404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685884","display_name":"Qian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and City University of Hong Kong Matter Science Research Institute (Futian), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-8273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China and City University of Hong Kong Matter Science Research Institute (Futian), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434324","display_name":"Yi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-3918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111522314","display_name":"Rui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109235505","display_name":"Wei\u2010Bin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Bin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center, Hon Hai Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan and Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-1214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center, Hon Hai Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan and Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356291","display_name":"Jianping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-1482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3251","last_page":"3265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.8611999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.8611999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.800599992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.7815999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6780999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-map","display_name":"Metric map","score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.35670000314712524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6780999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6536999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145084290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713824","display_name":"Metric map","level":4,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188048851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298569","display_name":"Road map","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719027.3765092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3765092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/204817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/204817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.06071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06071","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.06071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06071","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.06071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-definition":[0],"(HD)":[1],"maps":[2],"provide":[3],"precise":[4],"environmental":[5],"information":[6],"essential":[7],"for":[8,46],"prediction":[9],"and":[10,24,42,123,167,172,205,245,285,290],"planning":[11],"in":[12,120,194],"autonomous":[13,47],"driving":[14],"(AD)":[15],"systems.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,30,103,192,199,216,239],"the":[19,51,101,111,121,157,165,234,268,276,287],"high":[20],"cost":[21],"of":[22,53,71,144,169,201,233,270,280],"labeling":[23],"maintenance,":[25],"recent":[26],"research":[27],"has":[28],"turned":[29],"online":[31,54,72,146,281],"HD":[32],"map":[33,55,73,246,282],"construction":[34,56,74,283],"using":[35],"onboard":[36],"sensor":[37],"data,":[38],"offering":[39],"wider":[40],"coverage":[41],"more":[43],"timely":[44],"updates":[45],"vehicles":[48],"(AVs).":[49],"However,":[50],"robustness":[52],"under":[57],"adversarial":[58,173],"conditions":[59],"remains":[60],"underexplored.":[61],"In":[62,90],"this":[63,97,117,134,273],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,136,163,253],"present":[66],"a":[67,106,138,178,224,259],"systematic":[68],"vulnerability":[69,118,278],"analysis":[70],"models,":[75],"which":[76,262],"reveals":[77],"that":[78,109,116,183],"these":[79,251],"models":[80,284],"exhibit":[81],"an":[82],"inherent":[83],"bias":[84,98],"toward":[85],"predicting":[86],"symmetric":[87],"road":[88,213],"structures.":[89],"asymmetric":[91,154,255],"scenes":[92,155],"like":[93],"forks":[94],"or":[95,130],"merges,":[96],"often":[99],"causes":[100,232],"model":[102,243,265],"mistakenly":[104],"predict":[105],"straight":[107],"boundary":[108],"mirrors":[110],"opposite":[112],"side.":[113],"We":[114,228],"demonstrate":[115,182],"persists":[119],"real-world":[122,212,225],"can":[124,186],"be":[125],"reliably":[126],"triggered":[127],"by":[128,190],"obstruction":[129],"targeted":[131,202,260],"interference.":[132],"Leveraging":[133],"vulnerability,":[135],"propose":[137,254],"novel":[139],"two-stage":[140],"attack":[141,292],"framework":[142],"capable":[143],"manipulating":[145],"constructed":[147],"maps.":[148],"First,":[149],"our":[150,184,271],"method":[151],"identifies":[152],"vulnerable":[153],"along":[156],"victim":[158],"AV's":[159],"potential":[160],"route.":[161],"Then,":[162],"optimize":[164],"location":[166],"pattern":[168],"camera-blinding":[170],"attacks":[171,185,219],"patch":[174],"attacks.":[175],"Evaluations":[176],"on":[177,223,250],"public":[179],"AD":[180],"dataset":[181],"degrade":[187],"mapping":[188],"accuracy":[189],"up":[191,198,215],"9.9%":[193],"average":[195],"precision,":[196],"render":[197],"44%":[200],"routes":[203],"unreachable,":[204],"increase":[206],"unsafe":[207],"planned":[208],"trajectory":[209],"rates\u2014colliding":[210],"with":[211],"boundaries\u2014by":[214],"27%.":[217],"These":[218],"are":[220],"also":[221],"validated":[222],"testbed":[226],"vehicle.":[227],"further":[229],"analyze":[230],"root":[231],"symmetry":[235],"bias,":[236],"attributing":[237],"them":[238],"training":[240],"data":[241,256],"imbalance,":[242],"architecture,":[244],"element":[247],"representation.":[248],"Based":[249],"findings,":[252],"fine-tuning":[257],"as":[258],"defense,":[261],"significantly":[263],"improves":[264],"robustness.":[266],"To":[267],"best":[269],"knowledge,":[272],"study":[274],"presents":[275],"first":[277,288],"assessment":[279],"introduces":[286],"digital":[289],"physical":[291],"against":[293],"them.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}
