{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416549581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3744850","title":"PipID: Light-Pupillary Response Based User Authentication for Virtual Reality","display_name":"PipID: Light-Pupillary Response Based User Authentication for Virtual Reality","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416549581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3744850"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719027.3744850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3744850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088932733","display_name":"Muchen Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0774-5744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muchen Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076583947","display_name":"Yan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068853974","display_name":"Y. H. Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3981-6034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxia Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725580","display_name":"Guoxing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoxing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039106671","display_name":"Haojin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088932733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39721329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"753","last_page":"767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.6700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.2280000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headset","display_name":"Headset","score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7407000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193170","display_name":"Headset","level":2,"score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5672000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67174900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Minutiae","level":4,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3719027.3744850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3719027.3744850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964546836","https://openalex.org/W1982138519","https://openalex.org/W1990258870","https://openalex.org/W2000168628","https://openalex.org/W2001537709","https://openalex.org/W2008986591","https://openalex.org/W2040642940","https://openalex.org/W2044011343","https://openalex.org/W2075183129","https://openalex.org/W2075655761","https://openalex.org/W2077888073","https://openalex.org/W2080579153","https://openalex.org/W2082551658","https://openalex.org/W2090735768","https://openalex.org/W2091118252","https://openalex.org/W2093923187","https://openalex.org/W2126231638","https://openalex.org/W2159967598","https://openalex.org/W2395105390","https://openalex.org/W2423693064","https://openalex.org/W2520811545","https://openalex.org/W2535970271","https://openalex.org/W2561270043","https://openalex.org/W2573305285","https://openalex.org/W2783257340","https://openalex.org/W2789713441","https://openalex.org/W2793827260","https://openalex.org/W2902567435","https://openalex.org/W2903079804","https://openalex.org/W2917641056","https://openalex.org/W2941915966","https://openalex.org/W2969788497","https://openalex.org/W2984515059","https://openalex.org/W3008902155","https://openalex.org/W3014796431","https://openalex.org/W3028219535","https://openalex.org/W3044338123","https://openalex.org/W3081100343","https://openalex.org/W3095948427","https://openalex.org/W3114965367","https://openalex.org/W3127169998","https://openalex.org/W3161847995","https://openalex.org/W3198710088","https://openalex.org/W4200625316","https://openalex.org/W4212779068","https://openalex.org/W4224246934","https://openalex.org/W4288057757","https://openalex.org/W4292968994","https://openalex.org/W4312607836","https://openalex.org/W4324007193","https://openalex.org/W4386249396","https://openalex.org/W4387538627","https://openalex.org/W4392628104","https://openalex.org/W4393204620"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,34,99,121,134,149,163,171,177],"use":[2],"of":[3,114,151,173,180,209],"Virtual":[4],"Reality":[5],"(VR)":[6],"applications":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,133],"gaming,":[10],"education,":[11],"and":[12,157,165,195,211,221,226],"military":[13],"training,":[14],"sensitive":[15],"information":[16],"may":[17],"be":[18],"generated":[19],"or":[20,67],"collected":[21,141],"by":[22,111,142],"VR":[23,49,81,93,122,193],"sensors,":[24],"raising":[25],"user":[26,39],"concerns":[27],"about":[28],"potential":[29],"data":[30,140],"leakage.":[31],"This":[32],"highlights":[33],"critical":[35],"need":[36],"for":[37,48,136],"effective":[38],"authentication":[40,46,82,174],"to":[41,69,105,130,168],"prevent":[42,184],"unauthorized":[43],"access.":[44],"Existing":[45],"methods":[47],"are":[50],"often":[51],"either":[52],"cumbersome":[53],"(e.g.,":[54,64,155,218],"entering":[55],"passwords":[56],"via":[57],"handheld":[58],"controllers),":[59],"reliant":[60],"on":[61,98,120,190],"specialized":[62],"hardware":[63],"iris":[65],"recognition),":[66],"vulnerable":[68],"credential":[70],"replay":[71,185],"attacks.":[72,186],"In":[73],"this":[74],"study,":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"PipID,":[78],"a":[79,191],"lightweight":[80],"approach":[83],"that":[84,101,204],"leverages":[85,158],"commercial":[86],"off-the-shelf":[87],"(COTS)":[88],"eye":[89,145,153],"trackers":[90],"integrated":[91],"into":[92],"headsets.":[94],"PipID":[95,124,147,189,205],"is":[96],"based":[97],"fact":[100],"users'":[102],"pupillary":[103,159],"responses":[104,129],"visual":[106],"stimuli":[107],"vary":[108],"uniquely.":[109],"Thus,":[110],"displaying":[112],"lights":[113],"randomly":[115],"selected":[116],"colors":[117,182],"(i.e.,":[118],"wavelengths)":[119],"screen,":[123],"can":[125],"utilize":[126],"pupil":[127,139],"diameter":[128],"these":[131],"wavelengths":[132],"basis":[135],"authentication.":[137],"For":[138],"precision-limited":[143],"COTS":[144,192],"trackers,":[146],"mitigates":[148],"impact":[150],"unrelated":[152],"movements":[154],"blinks)":[156],"response":[160],"differences":[161],"between":[162],"left":[164],"right":[166],"eyes":[167],"further":[169],"enhance":[170],"granularity":[172],"features.":[175],"Additionally,":[176],"randomized":[178],"sequence":[179],"light":[181],"helps":[183],"We":[187],"implemented":[188],"headset":[194],"tested":[196],"it":[197],"with":[198],"52":[199],"participants.":[200],"Experimental":[201],"results":[202],"show":[203],"achieves":[206],"an":[207],"accuracy":[208,223],"98.65%":[210],"maintains":[212],"robust":[213],"performance":[214],"under":[215],"various":[216],"conditions":[217],"keeping":[219],"98%":[220],"91%":[222],"after":[224],"7":[225],"14":[227],"days":[228],"respectively).":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}