{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413756594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533","title":"ZENITH: Towards A Formally Verified Highly-Available Control Plane","display_name":"ZENITH: Towards A Formally Verified Highly-Available Control Plane","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413756594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750533","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750533","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046149377","display_name":"Pooria Namyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pooria Namyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119451022","display_name":"Arvin Ghavidel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvin Ghavidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8416-3297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-413X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Sunnyvale, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-413X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Sunnyvale, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080776695","display_name":"Harsha V. Madhyastha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha V. Madhyastha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-9643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090605375","display_name":"Srivatsan Ravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srivatsan Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-3940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101934907","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4684-3943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4684-3943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042326103","display_name":"Ramesh Govindan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Govindan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80508643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"409","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith","display_name":"Zenith","score":0.6478480100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5239922404289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5168491005897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2255755364894867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22380021214485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15240785479545593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.6478480100631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5239922404289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5168491005897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2255755364894867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22380021214485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15240785479545593}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750533","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750533","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1481409437","display_name":"CNS Core: Large: Collaborative Research: Network Design Automation","funder_award_id":"1901523","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7659727628","display_name":"Research Infrastructure: Mid-scale RI-1 (M1:IP): SPHERE - Security and Privacy Heterogeneous Environment for Reproducible Experimentation","funder_award_id":"2330066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413756594.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413756594.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1979266212","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2005129294","https://openalex.org/W2008078972","https://openalex.org/W2015688007","https://openalex.org/W2025043404","https://openalex.org/W2072811945","https://openalex.org/W2074616737","https://openalex.org/W2118404561","https://openalex.org/W2125047630","https://openalex.org/W2126969025","https://openalex.org/W2137826183","https://openalex.org/W2146077028","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2149236835","https://openalex.org/W2253297209","https://openalex.org/W2416192786","https://openalex.org/W2426667934","https://openalex.org/W2480346368","https://openalex.org/W2819252821","https://openalex.org/W2981495395","https://openalex.org/W3190832025","https://openalex.org/W4230564608","https://openalex.org/W4318541571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2000020747","https://openalex.org/W1990218305","https://openalex.org/W4312858480","https://openalex.org/W2464306678","https://openalex.org/W3081598692","https://openalex.org/W166002175","https://openalex.org/W2435842359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"large-scale":[1],"software-defined":[2],"networks":[3],"use":[4],"microservice-based":[5,62],"controllers.":[6],"Bugs":[7],"in":[8,111],"these":[9],"controllers":[10,32],"can":[11],"reduce":[12],"network":[13,55,89],"availability":[14,50],"by":[15,67],"making":[16],"the":[17,23,35,39,42,49,54,88,107,112],"data":[18],"plane":[19],"state":[20,36,90],"inconsistent":[21],"with":[22,41,95],"high-level":[24],"intent.":[25,44,96],"To":[26],"recover":[27],"from":[28,102],"such":[29],"inconsistencies,":[30],"modern":[31],"periodically":[33],"reconcile":[34],"of":[37,53,109],"all":[38],"switches":[40],"desired":[43],"However,":[45],"periodic":[46],"reconciliation":[47],"limits":[48],"and":[51,82,117,127,131,141],"performance":[52],"at":[56],"scale.":[57],"We":[58,76,97],"introduce":[59],"Zenith,":[60],"a":[61],"controller":[63],"that":[64,85],"avoids":[65],"inconsistencies":[66,135],"design":[68],"rather":[69],"than":[70,138],"always":[71],"relying":[72],"on":[73],"recovery":[74],"mechanisms.":[75],"have":[77,83],"formally":[78],"verified":[79],"Zenith's":[80,100,115],"specifications":[81],"proved":[84],"it":[86],"ensures":[87],"will":[91],"eventually":[92],"be":[93],"consistent":[94],"automatically":[98],"generate":[99],"code":[101],"its":[103],"specification":[104],"to":[105,122],"minimize":[106],"likelihood":[108],"errors":[110],"final":[113],"implementation.":[114],"guarantees":[116],"abstractions":[118],"also":[119],"enable":[120],"developers":[121],"independently":[123],"verify":[124],"SDN":[125],"applications":[126],"ensure":[128],"end-to-end":[129],"safety":[130],"correctness.":[132],"Zenith":[133],"resolves":[134],"5\u00d7":[136],"faster":[137],"today's":[139],"designs":[140],"significantly":[142],"improves":[143],"availability.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
