{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413756539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750500","title":"TLadder: QoE-Centric Video Ladder Optimization with Playback Feedback at Billion Scale","display_name":"TLadder: QoE-Centric Video Ladder Optimization with Playback Feedback at Billion Scale","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413756539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750500","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750500","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750500","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069851137","display_name":"Zhuqi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091247","display_name":"University for Peace","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxrw595","country_code":"CR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I4210091247"]}],"countries":["CR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9639-4725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101075750","display_name":"Liu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-7957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091247","display_name":"University for Peace","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxrw595","country_code":"CR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I4210091247"]}],"countries":["CR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-7957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081831737","display_name":"Shenglan Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118182","display_name":"St Vincent Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02h2qwk37","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118182","https://openalex.org/I4210166635"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenglan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7305-2249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119451002","display_name":"Baojin Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojin Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7100-3888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054212274","display_name":"J Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA","ByteDance, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5543-9402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071813645","display_name":"J. C. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA","ByteDance, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3411-4814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021371752","display_name":"Liyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-3815"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-3815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019480271","display_name":"Qianyun Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianyun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Beijing, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3696-4787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074331681","display_name":"Peizhe Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peizhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7288-7187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110418331","display_name":"Jun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293939003","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/02kna3n95","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293939003"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9405-7814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293939003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112235148","display_name":"Yi-Ting Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1238-7682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017219713","display_name":"J.C Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA","ByteDance, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9589-8783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114723689","display_name":"Q.M. Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4602-0799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Beijing, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4602-0799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026074941","display_name":"Qiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6027-9762"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, Beijing, China","ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6027-9762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072962093","display_name":"Feng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-2650"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["ByteDance, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-2650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ByteDance, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1167","last_page":"1181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.704045295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5460675954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35180675983428955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.704045295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5460675954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35180675983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750500","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750500","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3718958.3750500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750500","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3718958.3750500","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413756539.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413756539.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1976944900","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2103105267","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2150453038","https://openalex.org/W2151489937","https://openalex.org/W2157394357","https://openalex.org/W2167407752","https://openalex.org/W2399399754","https://openalex.org/W2545272100","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2744628735","https://openalex.org/W2809370577","https://openalex.org/W2849781392","https://openalex.org/W2892042861","https://openalex.org/W2964267179","https://openalex.org/W2965671543","https://openalex.org/W2989759504","https://openalex.org/W3034834758","https://openalex.org/W3101359755","https://openalex.org/W3104532681","https://openalex.org/W3123231801","https://openalex.org/W3137932550","https://openalex.org/W3171572822","https://openalex.org/W3175894428","https://openalex.org/W4311137580","https://openalex.org/W4316661079","https://openalex.org/W4352977022","https://openalex.org/W4381744908","https://openalex.org/W4386260526","https://openalex.org/W4401176519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"operate":[1],"one":[2],"of":[3,15,39,50,67],"the":[4,11,58,64],"largest":[5],"short":[6],"video":[7,40],"streaming":[8],"platforms":[9],"in":[10],"world,":[12],"serving":[13],"billions":[14],"global":[16],"users":[17],"every":[18],"day.":[19],"Similar":[20],"to":[21],"other":[22],"platforms,":[23],"we":[24,56],"employ":[25],"Adaptive":[26],"Bitrate":[27],"(ABR)":[28],"streaming,":[29],"which":[30,62],"adaptively":[31],"selects":[32],"an":[33],"appropriate":[34],"representation":[35],"from":[36],"a":[37,43,71],"group":[38],"representations":[41],"forming":[42],"bitrate":[44,59],"ladder.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"instead":[49],"developing":[51,70],"yet":[52],"another":[53],"ABR":[54],"algorithm,":[55],"optimize":[57],"ladder":[60],"configuration,":[61],"constitutes":[63],"decision":[65],"space":[66],"ABR,":[68],"by":[69],"system":[72],"called":[73],"TLadder.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}