{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407301531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716385","title":"Side Channel Attacks on GPRS Standard Encryption Algorithms","display_name":"Side Channel Attacks on GPRS Standard Encryption Algorithms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407301531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3716385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115600266","display_name":"Zheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University","Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2676-7512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108053966","display_name":"Lin Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-1750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University","Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-1750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111129698","display_name":"Zhengting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4302-7035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University","Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4302-7035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103076771","display_name":"Xinhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9129-0446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University","Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9129-0446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114626510","display_name":"Ziyu Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1600-3835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University","Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1600-3835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82219952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7642035484313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-packet-radio-service","display_name":"General Packet Radio Service","score":0.7375985980033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.6615898609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.650916576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5317215919494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46871036291122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-encryption","display_name":"Multiple encryption","score":0.4632014334201813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4443919360637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4272356927394867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4072304964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1652669906616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12653732299804688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7642035484313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86338984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79708","display_name":"General Packet Radio Service","level":3,"score":0.7375985980033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.6615898609161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650916576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5317215919494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46871036291122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.4632014334201813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4443919360637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4272356927394867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4072304964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1652669906616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12653732299804688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3716385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1764578766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472439, 61602514, 62202493, 61802437, and 61902428","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125885141","https://openalex.org/W1503689022","https://openalex.org/W1506423869","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1886358402","https://openalex.org/W2145829971","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2170489924","https://openalex.org/W2402177929","https://openalex.org/W2766144878","https://openalex.org/W3026248346","https://openalex.org/W3095312554","https://openalex.org/W3167202156","https://openalex.org/W4205515279","https://openalex.org/W4285303094","https://openalex.org/W4294871797","https://openalex.org/W4388470269","https://openalex.org/W4392351219","https://openalex.org/W6723775510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W182679101","https://openalex.org/W3006344745","https://openalex.org/W2103519941","https://openalex.org/W3180573957","https://openalex.org/W4315815885","https://openalex.org/W2030024189","https://openalex.org/W2162805750","https://openalex.org/W3004922236","https://openalex.org/W2035368545","https://openalex.org/W2624912447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GEA-1":[0,156],"and":[1,28,46,58,97,127,157,170,176,199,249],"its":[2],"successor":[3],"GEA-2":[4,73],"are":[5,49],"stream":[6,34,122,145],"ciphers":[7,146],"that":[8,115,138,192],"were":[9],"selected":[10],"as":[11,92,125],"the":[12,24,43,104,151,168,174,185,193,202,211,217,230],"General":[13],"Packet":[14],"Radio":[15],"Service":[16],"(GPRS)":[17],"standard":[18,153],"encryption":[19,41,154],"algorithms,":[20,175],"used":[21,38],"to":[22,99,150,183],"protect":[23],"communication":[25],"between":[26],"phones":[27,57],"base":[29],"stations":[30],"from":[31,88],"eavesdropping.":[32],"These":[33],"ciphers,":[35,123],"once":[36],"widely":[37],"for":[39,164],"GPRS":[40,152],"in":[42,53,59,79,103,120,201,246],"late":[44],"1990s":[45],"early":[47],"2000s,":[48],"surprisingly":[50],"still":[51],"supported":[52],"many":[54,121],"current":[55],"mobile":[56],"numerous":[60],"developing":[61],"regions":[62],"even":[63],"today.":[64],"GEA-2a":[65,200],"is":[66,110,220,244],"a":[67,111,225],"more":[68],"secure,":[69],"improved":[70],"version":[71],"of":[72,173,196,228],"designed":[74],"by":[75,223],"Ding":[76],"et":[77],"al.":[78],"2022.":[80],"Side":[81,107],"channel":[82,108,142],"attack":[83,109,113,143],"utilizes":[84],"easily":[85],"accessible":[86],"information":[87,102],"cryptographic":[89,105],"devices,":[90],"such":[91,124],"power":[93],"consumption,":[94],"electromagnetic":[95],"radiation,":[96],"runtime,":[98],"obtain":[100],"secret":[101],"systems.":[106],"powerful":[112],"method":[114],"has":[116],"been":[117],"successfully":[118],"applied":[119],"TRIVIUM":[126],"GRAIN-128-AEAD.":[128],"In":[129],"this":[130],"article,":[131],"we":[132],"put":[133],"forward":[134],"an":[135,238],"automated":[136,242],"framework":[137,243],"can":[139,206,233],"mount":[140],"side":[141],"on":[144],"with":[147],"structures":[148],"similar":[149],"algorithms":[155],"GEA-2.":[158],"We":[159],"use":[160,177],"satisfiability":[161],"modulo":[162],"theory":[163],"modeling,":[165],"while":[166],"considering":[167],"software":[169],"hardware":[171],"implementation":[172],"Microsoft\u2019s":[178],"open":[179],"source":[180],"solver":[181],"Z3":[182],"solve":[184],"constructed":[186],"instances.":[187],"The":[188],"experimental":[189],"results":[190],"indicate":[191],"internal":[194],"states":[195],"GEA-1,":[197],"GEA-2,":[198],"keystream":[203],"generation":[204],"phase":[205],"be":[207,234],"recovered":[208,236],"practically":[209],"under":[210],"HW/32":[212],"model.":[213],"For":[214],"models":[215],"where":[216],"solution":[218],"time":[219],"too":[221],"long,":[222],"guessing":[224],"small":[226],"number":[227],"bits,":[229],"state":[231],"bits":[232],"fully":[235],"within":[237],"acceptable":[239],"time.":[240],"Our":[241],"effective":[245],"both":[247],"noiseless":[248],"noisy":[250],"trace":[251],"scenarios.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
