{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411713742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301","title":"Sustainable Carbon-Aware and Water-Efficient LLM Scheduling in Geo-Distributed Cloud Datacenters","display_name":"Sustainable Carbon-Aware and Water-Efficient LLM Scheduling in Geo-Distributed Cloud Datacenters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411713742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3716368.3735301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084862942","display_name":"Hayden Moore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayden Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7693-703X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014493339","display_name":"Sirui Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5828-4394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sirui Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5828-4394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053409438","display_name":"Ninad Hogade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-2497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122178","display_name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020x0c621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninad Hogade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-2497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027761275","display_name":"Dejan Miloji\u010di\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122178","display_name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020x0c621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejan Milojicic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Milpitas, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-8588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Milpitas, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043000769","display_name":"Cullen Bash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-3041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122178","display_name":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020x0c621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cullen Bash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Milpitas, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-3041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Milpitas, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018382547","display_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.7696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98972808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"929","last_page":"934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7761667966842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7096825242042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.48114264011383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4209475517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16060861945152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07156690955162048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7761667966842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7096825242042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.48114264011383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4209475517272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16060861945152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07156690955162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3716368.3735301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3716368.3735301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716368.3735301","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3297710783","display_name":"DESC:Type I: Sustainable Serverless Computing","funder_award_id":"2324514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W2767326775","https://openalex.org/W2974697259","https://openalex.org/W3158784237","https://openalex.org/W3168770969","https://openalex.org/W3188324247","https://openalex.org/W3192714106","https://openalex.org/W3197335971","https://openalex.org/W3209312816","https://openalex.org/W4221003299","https://openalex.org/W4280524062","https://openalex.org/W4318621310","https://openalex.org/W4385481791","https://openalex.org/W4386228912","https://openalex.org/W4388184662","https://openalex.org/W4388747898","https://openalex.org/W4389261323","https://openalex.org/W4394894051","https://openalex.org/W4402953708","https://openalex.org/W4403577132","https://openalex.org/W4403709581","https://openalex.org/W4412875469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLM)":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8,181],"ChatGPT,":[9],"Copilot,":[10],"and":[11,151],"Gemini":[12],"have":[13,30],"been":[14,94],"widely":[15],"adopted":[16],"in":[17,68],"different":[18],"areas.":[19],"As":[20,80],"the":[21,34,44,63,85,90,99,102,165],"use":[22],"of":[23,38,47,65,111,143,167],"LLMs":[24,52,67,81,121,182],"continues":[25],"to":[26,51,96,120,139,163],"grow,":[27],"many":[28],"efforts":[29],"focused":[31],"on":[32],"reducing":[33],"massive":[35],"training":[36,74,103],"overheads":[37],"these":[39,126],"models.":[40],"But":[41],"it":[42],"is":[43,54,114],"environmental":[45],"impact":[46],"handling":[48],"user":[49],"requests":[50,119],"that":[53,62,108],"increasingly":[55,179],"becoming":[56],"a":[57,134,157,175],"concern.":[58],"Recent":[59],"studies":[60],"estimate":[61],"costs":[64,75],"operating":[66],"their":[69],"inference":[70],"phase":[71,92],"can":[72],"exceed":[73,98],"by":[76],"25\u00d7":[77],"per":[78],"year.":[79],"are":[82],"queried":[83],"incessantly,":[84],"cumulative":[86],"carbon":[87,147],"footprint":[88,100],"for":[89,116],"operational":[91],"has":[93],"shown":[95],"far":[97],"during":[101,122],"phase.":[104],"Further,":[105],"estimates":[106],"indicate":[107],"500":[109],"ml":[110],"fresh":[112],"water":[113,149],"expended":[115],"every":[117],"20\u201350":[118],"inference.":[123],"To":[124],"address":[125],"important":[127],"sustainability":[128,166],"issues":[129],"with":[130],"LLMs,":[131],"we":[132],"propose":[133],"novel":[135],"framework":[136,155,176],"called":[137],"SLIT":[138],"co-optimize":[140],"LLM":[141,168],"quality":[142],"service":[144],"(time-to-first":[145],"token),":[146],"emissions,":[148],"usage,":[150],"energy":[152],"costs.":[153],"The":[154],"utilizes":[156],"machine":[158],"learning":[159],"(ML)":[160],"based":[161],"metaheuristic":[162],"enhance":[164],"hosting":[169],"across":[170],"geo-distributed":[171],"cloud":[172],"datacenters.":[173],"Such":[174],"will":[177],"become":[178],"vital":[180],"proliferate.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}