{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406915046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715695","title":"Safety-Critical Offloading with Constrained Reinforcement Learning for Multi-access Edge Computing","display_name":"Safety-Critical Offloading with Constrained Reinforcement Learning for Multi-access Edge Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406915046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-5537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-5537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033658029","display_name":"Qiang Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-7818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-7818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048355931","display_name":"Yitong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-1705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76604287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8401198983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7705990076065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.622603178024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4689573645591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4255751669406891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3645890951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34925979375839233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8401198983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7705990076065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.622603178024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4689573645591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4255751669406891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3645890951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34925979375839233}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G771476185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2022-04754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049962172","https://openalex.org/W2526509045","https://openalex.org/W2777180355","https://openalex.org/W2784465508","https://openalex.org/W2800305275","https://openalex.org/W2888896501","https://openalex.org/W2899548069","https://openalex.org/W2949226003","https://openalex.org/W2962766183","https://openalex.org/W2963318068","https://openalex.org/W2978890359","https://openalex.org/W2981037657","https://openalex.org/W3002258616","https://openalex.org/W3005566700","https://openalex.org/W3010717392","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3023078779","https://openalex.org/W3037157458","https://openalex.org/W3047488480","https://openalex.org/W3047538493","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3135269945","https://openalex.org/W3137932838","https://openalex.org/W3144235125","https://openalex.org/W3166197191","https://openalex.org/W3176727796","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3196226093","https://openalex.org/W3203858545","https://openalex.org/W3206626070","https://openalex.org/W4206176461","https://openalex.org/W4206321341","https://openalex.org/W4211067533","https://openalex.org/W4213454978","https://openalex.org/W4214585763","https://openalex.org/W4214908208","https://openalex.org/W4225725605","https://openalex.org/W4285268932","https://openalex.org/W4387917799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W3023564924","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,99,193],"computation-intensive":[3],"applications,":[4,63,138],"such":[5],"as":[6],"autonomous":[7,65],"driving,":[8,66],"has":[9],"urged":[10],"mobile":[11,38],"devices":[12,39],"to":[13,40,57,112,151,169,177],"alleviate":[14],"their":[15],"local":[16],"computation":[17],"pressure":[18],"using":[19],"external":[20],"computing":[21],"resources.":[22],"As":[23],"a":[24,67,84,95,132,146,162],"promising":[25],"solution,":[26],"Multi-access":[27],"Edge":[28],"Computing":[29],"tackles":[30],"this":[31,128],"problem":[32],"by":[33],"offloading":[34,45,80,134,180],"computational":[35],"tasks":[36],"from":[37,48,108],"edge":[41],"servers.":[42],"However,":[43],"existing":[44,76,189],"schemes":[46,77,190],"suffer":[47],"two":[49],"fundamental":[50],"limitations.":[51],"First,":[52],"they":[53],"lack":[54],"built-in":[55],"measures":[56],"prevent":[58],"deadline":[59,68,159,194],"misses.":[60,160],"For":[61],"safety-critical":[62,137],"including":[64],"miss":[69],"could":[70,106],"result":[71],"in":[72,191],"catastrophic":[73],"consequences.":[74],"Second,":[75],"typically":[78],"update":[79],"policies":[81],"periodically.":[82],"Namely,":[83],"policy":[85,118,154],"based":[86],"on":[87],"the":[88,113,116,124,152],"current":[89],"system":[90,104,173],"state":[91],"is":[92,149,167],"generated":[93,117],"for":[94,136],"time":[96,101,110],"window":[97],"consisting":[98],"multiple":[100],"slots.":[102],"Since":[103],"states":[105],"change":[107],"one":[109],"slot":[111],"next":[114],"one,":[115],"might":[119],"not":[120],"work":[121],"well":[122],"during":[123],"entire":[125],"window.":[126],"In":[127],"article,":[129],"we":[130],"propose":[131],"novel":[133],"scheme":[135],"Constrained":[139],"Reinforcement":[140],"Learning-based":[141],"Offloading":[142],"(CRLO).":[143],"With":[144],"CRLO,":[145],"safety":[147],"layer":[148],"added":[150],"learning-based":[153],"generator,":[155],"which":[156,175],"effectively":[157],"eliminates":[158],"Furthermore,":[161],"long-sequence":[163],"forecasting":[164],"model,":[165],"Informer,":[166],"utilized":[168],"predict":[170],"temporally":[171],"dependent":[172],"states,":[174],"helps":[176],"generate":[178],"appropriate":[179],"policies.":[181],"Our":[182],"experimental":[183],"results":[184],"indicate":[185],"that":[186],"CRLO":[187],"outperforms":[188],"terms":[192],"satisfaction":[195],"and":[196],"task":[197],"completion":[198],"time.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
