{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413061467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715335.3735488","title":"Predicting the Past: Estimating Historical Appraisals with OCR and Machine Learning","display_name":"Predicting the Past: Estimating Historical Appraisals with OCR and Machine Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413061467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715335.3735488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715335.3735488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715335.3735488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.24676","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mihir Bhaskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9104-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihir Bhaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9104-6988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107967761","display_name":"Jun Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Tao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-8922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047980236","display_name":"Zihan Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2325-7366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119250730","display_name":"Asmita Hajra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmita Hajra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7700-7492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002223560","display_name":"Junia Howell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junia Howell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116341273","display_name":"Matthew R. Gormley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew R. Gormley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-5986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91044291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"530","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12364","display_name":"Archaeological Research and Protection","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6584846377372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5689411759376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40944746136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33123552799224854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584846377372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5689411759376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40944746136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33123552799224854}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715335.3735488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715335.3735488","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.24676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24676","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.24676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.24676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.24676","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.24676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000145530","https://openalex.org/W2001642682","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2742747496","https://openalex.org/W2768111752","https://openalex.org/W2888893574","https://openalex.org/W2946304872","https://openalex.org/W2963893376","https://openalex.org/W2989112957","https://openalex.org/W3007587150","https://openalex.org/W3043055068","https://openalex.org/W3045882047","https://openalex.org/W3083218916","https://openalex.org/W3093218477","https://openalex.org/W3117569065","https://openalex.org/W3123930234","https://openalex.org/W3132460254","https://openalex.org/W3161503620","https://openalex.org/W3174120543","https://openalex.org/W3199928321","https://openalex.org/W4232379568","https://openalex.org/W4249727196","https://openalex.org/W4283372708","https://openalex.org/W4285145459","https://openalex.org/W4296619749","https://openalex.org/W4304013646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"well-documented":[1],"consequences":[2],"of":[3,27,151,175],"the":[4,25,144,149,172],"U.S.":[5],"government's":[6],"1930s":[7],"housing":[8,56],"policies":[9],"on":[10,103,138],"racial":[11],"wealth":[12],"disparities,":[13],"scholars":[14,50],"have":[15],"struggled":[16],"to":[17,24,53,61,85,94,154],"quantify":[18],"its":[19],"precise":[20],"financial":[21],"effects":[22],"due":[23],"inaccessibility":[26],"historical":[28,55,145,173],"property":[29,79],"appraisal":[30],"records.":[31],"Many":[32],"counties":[33],"still":[34],"store":[35],"these":[36,158],"records":[37],"in":[38],"physical":[39],"formats,":[40],"making":[41],"large-scale":[42],"quantitative":[43],"analysis":[44],"difficult.":[45],"We":[46,91],"present":[47],"an":[48,98],"approach":[49,106],"can":[51,142,167],"use":[52,92],"digitize":[54],"assessment":[57],"data,":[58],"applying":[59],"it":[60],"build":[62],"and":[63,87,147,164,170],"release":[64],"a":[65,134],"dataset":[66],"for":[67,81,97],"one":[68],"county.":[69],"Starting":[70],"from":[71],"publicly":[72],"available":[73],"scanned":[74,126],"documents,":[75],"we":[76,131],"manually":[77],"annotated":[78],"cards":[80],"over":[82],"12,000":[83],"properties":[84],"train":[86],"validate":[88],"our":[89,104],"methods.":[90],"OCR":[93,119],"label":[95],"data":[96,141],"additional":[99],"50,000":[100],"properties,":[101],"based":[102,137],"two-stage":[105],"combining":[107],"classical":[108],"computer":[109],"vision":[110],"techniques":[111],"with":[112],"deep":[113],"learning-based":[114],"OCR.":[115],"For":[116],"cases":[117],"where":[118],"cannot":[120],"be":[121],"applied,":[122],"such":[123],"as":[124],"when":[125],"documents":[127],"are":[128],"not":[129],"available,":[130],"show":[132],"how":[133],"regression":[135],"model":[136,153],"building":[139],"feature":[140],"estimate":[143],"values,":[146],"test":[148],"generalizability":[150],"this":[152],"other":[155],"counties.":[156],"With":[157],"cost-effective":[159],"tools,":[160],"scholars,":[161],"community":[162],"activists,":[163],"policy":[165],"makers":[166],"better":[168],"analyze":[169],"understand":[171],"impacts":[174],"redlining.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
