{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411549867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732194","title":"AI Alignment at Your Discretion","display_name":"AI Alignment at Your Discretion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411549867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732194","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732194","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060824248","display_name":"Maarten Buyl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Buyl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-2386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116305976","display_name":"Hadi Khalaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Khalaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7463-7915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085996844","display_name":"Claudio Mayrink Verdun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Mayrink Verdun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-797X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092145397","display_name":"Lucas Monteiro Paes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-1420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Monteiro Paes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-1420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089543019","display_name":"Caio C. Vieira Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-2957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["BR","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caio Cesar Vieira Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Harvard University, Cambridge, USA and University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-2957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Harvard University, Cambridge, USA and University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I17974374","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074697940","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio P. Calmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio du Pin Calmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1617,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98097698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3046","last_page":"3074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretion","display_name":"Discretion","score":0.5540972352027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5265612602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1543835699558258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06522360444068909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.5540972352027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5265612602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1543835699558258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06522360444068909}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732194","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:01JWB0962G5JG96BTK5YX4WV1Z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JWB0962G5JG96BTK5YX4WV1Z","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JWB0962G5JG96BTK5YX4WV1Z/file/01JWB0KDX7SCHF6QCF36MCDTA4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9798400714825","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732194","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732194","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1464064545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3G042220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2289186485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VIGILIA, 101142229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2973845407","display_name":"CAREER: Information-Theoretic Foundations of Fairness in Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"1845852","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G483950878","display_name":"Exploring Data: Theoretical Foundations and Applications to Web, Multimedia, and Omics Data","funder_award_id":"G0F9816N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256265187","display_name":"The activation of inactive people: studying thresholds and breakthroughs using AI techniques","funder_award_id":"G073924N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G535067539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"V437824N, G0F9816N, 3G042220, G073924N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G604106688","display_name":"FAI: Foundations of Fair AI in Medicine: Ensuring the Fair Use of Patient Attributes","funder_award_id":"2040880","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317469","display_name":"Apple","ror":"https://ror.org/059hsda18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411549867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411549867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43928053","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W2005825070","https://openalex.org/W2013784666","https://openalex.org/W2022838594","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2071500925","https://openalex.org/W2160266360","https://openalex.org/W2319178748","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2573393487","https://openalex.org/W2796456719","https://openalex.org/W3122075665","https://openalex.org/W3135371071","https://openalex.org/W3153218438","https://openalex.org/W3172415559","https://openalex.org/W3177715691","https://openalex.org/W3197587259","https://openalex.org/W3206428286","https://openalex.org/W3212327893","https://openalex.org/W3214105842","https://openalex.org/W4229639624","https://openalex.org/W4233237171","https://openalex.org/W4236780986","https://openalex.org/W4237574036","https://openalex.org/W4245705148","https://openalex.org/W4246347251","https://openalex.org/W4248883688","https://openalex.org/W4252291204","https://openalex.org/W4283168936","https://openalex.org/W4288083802","https://openalex.org/W4293561951","https://openalex.org/W4299959846","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4380321809","https://openalex.org/W4382239409","https://openalex.org/W4384662964","https://openalex.org/W4385573849","https://openalex.org/W4385894687","https://openalex.org/W4386566656","https://openalex.org/W4386566763","https://openalex.org/W4386981810","https://openalex.org/W4387966945","https://openalex.org/W4389518686","https://openalex.org/W4389520260","https://openalex.org/W4389520524","https://openalex.org/W4389636360","https://openalex.org/W4393146886","https://openalex.org/W4393160829","https://openalex.org/W4393160939","https://openalex.org/W4395686533","https://openalex.org/W4396215629","https://openalex.org/W4399363276","https://openalex.org/W4399363436","https://openalex.org/W4399364834","https://openalex.org/W4399450217","https://openalex.org/W4399528455","https://openalex.org/W4400005365","https://openalex.org/W4402022647","https://openalex.org/W4402683971","https://openalex.org/W4404781997","https://openalex.org/W4404783047","https://openalex.org/W6616110923","https://openalex.org/W6697648974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4313701587","https://openalex.org/W4280644539","https://openalex.org/W2357880359","https://openalex.org/W1984307612","https://openalex.org/W4245138486","https://openalex.org/W2969825761","https://openalex.org/W1990358638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"AI":[1,88,116],"alignment,":[2,89],"extensive":[3],"latitude":[4,26],"must":[5],"be":[6,128],"granted":[7],"to":[8,14,24,51,87,108,210],"annotators,":[9],"whether":[10],"human":[11,133,145],"or":[12,21,80,85,101],"algorithmic,":[13],"judge":[15],"which":[16],"model":[17],"outputs":[18],"are":[19,98],"'better'":[20],"'safer.'We":[22],"refer":[23],"this":[25,53,56,197],"as":[27],"alignment":[28,94,117,151,160,202,215],"discretion.Such":[29],"discretion":[30,44,64,90,114,136,148,157,176],"is":[31,70,83,91,118],"largely":[32],"unexamined,":[33],"posing":[34],"two":[35],"risks:":[36],"(i)":[37,124],"annotators":[38],"may":[39,49],"use":[40],"their":[41,81,172],"power":[42],"of":[43,63,106,156,175,184],"arbitrarily,":[45],"and":[46,72,96,112,125,134,137,146,204,213],"(ii)":[47,126],"models":[48],"fail":[50],"mimic":[52],"discretion.To":[54],"study":[55],"phenomenon,":[57],"we":[58,130,153,205],"draw":[59],"on":[60,207],"legal":[61],"concepts":[62],"that":[65,121,162],"structure":[66],"how":[67,113,169],"decisionmaking":[68],"authority":[69],"conferred":[71],"exercised,":[73,119],"particularly":[74],"in":[75,115,158,177,200],"cases":[76],"where":[77],"principles":[78,95,187],"conflict":[79],"application":[82],"unclear":[84],"irrelevant.Extended":[86],"required":[92],"when":[93,111],"rules":[97],"(inevitably)":[99],"conflicting":[100],"indecisive.We":[102],"present":[103],"a":[104],"set":[105],"metrics":[107],"systematically":[109],"analyze":[110,138],"such":[120],"both":[122,144],"risks":[123],"can":[127],"observed.Moreover,":[129],"distinguish":[131],"between":[132,141],"algorithmic":[135,147],"the":[139,159,182,192,208],"discrepancy":[140],"them.By":[142],"measuring":[143],"over":[149],"safety":[150],"datasets,":[152],"reveal":[154],"layers":[155],"process":[161],"were":[163],"previously":[164],"unaccounted":[165],"for.We":[166],"thus":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"algorithms":[170],"develop":[171],"own":[173],"forms":[174],"applying":[178],"these":[179],"principles,":[180],"challenging":[181],"purpose":[183],"having":[185],"any":[186],"at":[188],"all.Our":[189],"paper":[190],"presents":[191],"first":[193],"step":[194],"towards":[195],"formalizing":[196],"core":[198],"gap":[199],"current":[201],"processes,":[203],"call":[206],"community":[209],"further":[211],"scrutinize":[212],"control":[214],"discretion.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}