{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407764118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732191","title":"The ``Who\", ``What\", and ``How\" of Responsible AI Governance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of (Actor, Stage)-Specific Tools","display_name":"The ``Who\", ``What\", and ``How\" of Responsible AI Governance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of (Actor, Stage)-Specific Tools","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407764118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.13294","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116337264","display_name":"Blaine Kuehnert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Blaine Kuehnert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5702-5693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079414088","display_name":"Rachel Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3325-243X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078288310","display_name":"Jodi Forlizzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-075X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jodi Forlizzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-075X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037735812","display_name":"Hoda Heidari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-4076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoda Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3710-4076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116337264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95360839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2991","last_page":"3005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.6594126224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.5896475911140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3565337657928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35620060563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.34294387698173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.29301178455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.20751222968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15670734643936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12009680271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.05583825707435608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6594126224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5896475911140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3565337657928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35620060563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.34294387698173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29301178455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20751222968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15670734643936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12009680271148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.05583825707435608}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.13294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13294","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.13294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.13294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.13294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.13294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13294","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.13294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225081783","https://openalex.org/W3023001449","https://openalex.org/W2969670093","https://openalex.org/W4400941260","https://openalex.org/W2974071289","https://openalex.org/W2784773199","https://openalex.org/W3117703139","https://openalex.org/W3142698583","https://openalex.org/W3199196172","https://openalex.org/W2953212529","https://openalex.org/W2974817986","https://openalex.org/W2911227954","https://openalex.org/W4391462203","https://openalex.org/W4387294395","https://openalex.org/W3159003756","https://openalex.org/W3204393347","https://openalex.org/W2292444397","https://openalex.org/W4308791796","https://openalex.org/W6893952022","https://openalex.org/W3101447603","https://openalex.org/W4221138494","https://openalex.org/W4378966551","https://openalex.org/W2658306063","https://openalex.org/W4321610533","https://openalex.org/W4280609065","https://openalex.org/W2965660219","https://openalex.org/W3013778941","https://openalex.org/W4389180485","https://openalex.org/W4400875404","https://openalex.org/W2880383342","https://openalex.org/W4240175749","https://openalex.org/W2963917042","https://openalex.org/W4211192987","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W2125847307","https://openalex.org/W2122909041","https://openalex.org/W3213785532","https://openalex.org/W4309504924","https://openalex.org/W2939692730","https://openalex.org/W3016099278","https://openalex.org/W4392537149","https://openalex.org/W4391335370","https://openalex.org/W4213278005","https://openalex.org/W3162866579","https://openalex.org/W4223506650","https://openalex.org/W4206116305","https://openalex.org/W2981899967","https://openalex.org/W3014972121","https://openalex.org/W4283163286","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W3122189619","https://openalex.org/W2996541402","https://openalex.org/W4286374145","https://openalex.org/W1976787862","https://openalex.org/W4307320843","https://openalex.org/W2952602496","https://openalex.org/W4393928775","https://openalex.org/W3177019841","https://openalex.org/W2910548926","https://openalex.org/W4401314531","https://openalex.org/W4283156811","https://openalex.org/W3001807593","https://openalex.org/W3158479996","https://openalex.org/W3088909400","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W3160967115","https://openalex.org/W3184261766","https://openalex.org/W4399253450","https://openalex.org/W2796571581","https://openalex.org/W2952604841","https://openalex.org/W4283161771","https://openalex.org/W3101662419","https://openalex.org/W2964116855","https://openalex.org/W4399422841","https://openalex.org/W4366581769","https://openalex.org/W3048991518","https://openalex.org/W2941022817","https://openalex.org/W2956281901","https://openalex.org/W3133759846","https://openalex.org/W2905871206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3134325150","https://openalex.org/W3210678099","https://openalex.org/W4200025911","https://openalex.org/W4405644996","https://openalex.org/W4394486262","https://openalex.org/W3088977003","https://openalex.org/W2617513755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130,173],"implementation":[1],"of":[2,15,23,80,84,133,199],"responsible":[3,85,186,204,254],"AI":[4,30,59,86,101,111,141,187,217,255],"in":[5,99,185,215,231],"an":[6,211],"organization":[7,212],"is":[8],"inherently":[9],"complex":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,41,54,64,110,139,246,253],"the":[13,28,57,81,123,197,216],"involvement":[14],"multiple":[16],"stakeholders,":[17],"each":[18],"with":[19,92],"their":[20,66,90,97,232],"unique":[21],"set":[22],"goals":[24],"and":[25,38,44,52,77,96,113,126,143,148,162,165,171,190,201,213,234,244,250,257],"responsibilities":[26,33,48,98],"across":[27,122],"entire":[29],"lifecycle.":[31],"These":[32,236],"are":[34,49,225],"often":[35],"ambiguously":[36],"defined":[37,51],"assigned,":[39],"leading":[40],"confusion,":[42],"miscommunication,":[43],"inefficiencies.":[45],"Even":[46],"when":[47],"clearly":[50],"assigned":[53],"specific":[55,93],"roles,":[56],"corresponding":[58],"actors":[60,112],"lack":[61],"effective":[62,249],"tools":[63,108,135,202,224],"support":[65,140],"execution.":[67],"Toward":[68],"closing":[69],"these":[70],"gaps,":[71],"we":[72,176],"present":[73],"a":[74,219,239],"systematic":[75],"review":[76],"comprehensive":[78],"meta-analysis":[79],"current":[82],"state":[83],"tools,":[87],"focusing":[88],"on":[89],"alignment":[91],"stakeholder":[94,124],"roles":[95,125,155],"various":[100],"lifecycle":[102,127,218],"stages.":[103],"We":[104],"categorize":[105],"over":[106],"220":[107],"according":[109],"stages":[114,128,151,166],"they":[115],"address.":[116],"Our":[117,192],"findings":[118],"reveal":[119],"significant":[120],"imbalances":[121],"addressed.":[129],"vast":[131],"majority":[132],"available":[134],"have":[136],"been":[137],"created":[138],"designers":[142],"developers":[144],"specifically":[145],"during":[146],"data-centric":[147],"statistical":[149],"modeling":[150],"while":[152],"neglecting":[153],"other":[154],"such":[156,167],"as":[157,168],"institutional":[158],"leadership,":[159],"deployers,":[160],"end-users,":[161],"impacted":[163],"communities,":[164],"value":[169],"proposition":[170],"deployment.":[172],"uneven":[174],"distribution":[175],"describe":[177],"here":[178],"highlights":[179],"critical":[180,229],"gaps":[181,230,237],"that":[182,195],"currently":[183],"exist":[184],"governance":[188],"research":[189],"practice.":[191],"analysis":[193],"reveals":[194],"despite":[196],"myriad":[198],"frameworks":[200],"for":[203,242],"AI,":[205],"it":[206],"remains":[207],"unclear":[208],"\\emph{who}":[209],"within":[210],"\\emph{when}":[214],"tool":[220],"applies.":[221],"Furthermore,":[222],"existing":[223],"rarely":[226],"validated,":[227],"leaving":[228],"usability":[233],"effectiveness.":[235],"provide":[238],"starting":[240],"point":[241],"researchers":[243],"practitioners":[245],"create":[247],"more":[248],"holistic":[251],"approaches":[252],"development":[256],"governance.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-02-21T00:00:00"}