{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411549875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","title":"Perils of Label Indeterminacy: A Case Study on Prediction of Neurological Recovery After Cardiac Arrest","display_name":"Perils of Label Indeterminacy: A Case Study on Prediction of Neurological Recovery After Cardiac Arrest","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411549875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732070","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732070","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090234310","display_name":"Jakob Schoeffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-7126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Schoeffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-7126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014101282","display_name":"Maria De\u2010Arteaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-3308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria De-Arteaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2297-3308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004987407","display_name":"Jonathan Elmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-5456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Elmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-5456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21843965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1080","last_page":"1094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9538000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indeterminacy","display_name":"Indeterminacy (philosophy)","score":0.8440686464309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4273064136505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11425715684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10527044534683228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777366796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017758","display_name":"Indeterminacy (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8440686464309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4273064136505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11425715684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10527044534683228}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732070","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.04243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04243","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.04243","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/d2f7ff26-1e74-4ae3-b122-87628b672af8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/d2f7ff26-1e74-4ae3-b122-87628b672af8","pdf_url":"https://research.rug.nl/files/1340367527/3715275.3732070.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schoeffer, J, De-Arteaga, M & Elmer, J 2025, Perils of Label Indeterminacy : A Case Study on Prediction of Neurological Recovery After Cardiac Arrest. in FAccT '25: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. ACM Press, pp. 1080-1094. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/d2f7ff26-1e74-4ae3-b122-87628b672af8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/d2f7ff26-1e74-4ae3-b122-87628b672af8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Schoeffer, J, De-Arteaga, M & Elmer, J 2025, Perils of Label Indeterminacy : A Case Study on Prediction of Neurological Recovery After Cardiac Arrest. in FAccT '25: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. ACM Press, pp. 1080-1094. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715275.3732070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715275.3732070","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3715275.3732070","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G502456600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01NS124642","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310620","display_name":"University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411549875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411549875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501025848","https://openalex.org/W1990334093","https://openalex.org/W2008599619","https://openalex.org/W2068817959","https://openalex.org/W2096417478","https://openalex.org/W2096451472","https://openalex.org/W2110818436","https://openalex.org/W2122506485","https://openalex.org/W2125943921","https://openalex.org/W2143890915","https://openalex.org/W2147687736","https://openalex.org/W2154534198","https://openalex.org/W2174985112","https://openalex.org/W2180469576","https://openalex.org/W2337489893","https://openalex.org/W2515676766","https://openalex.org/W2574781439","https://openalex.org/W2596043126","https://openalex.org/W2745133928","https://openalex.org/W2799246381","https://openalex.org/W2897042519","https://openalex.org/W2899867782","https://openalex.org/W2910548926","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916904544","https://openalex.org/W2923437336","https://openalex.org/W2932077722","https://openalex.org/W2937030683","https://openalex.org/W2951965145","https://openalex.org/W2965693762","https://openalex.org/W2979893369","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2995006168","https://openalex.org/W3007935259","https://openalex.org/W3013680672","https://openalex.org/W3035392489","https://openalex.org/W3100279624","https://openalex.org/W3101243562","https://openalex.org/W3119394424","https://openalex.org/W3124912334","https://openalex.org/W3132748670","https://openalex.org/W3133874049","https://openalex.org/W3159250634","https://openalex.org/W3162428030","https://openalex.org/W3163443091","https://openalex.org/W3163469193","https://openalex.org/W3186403308","https://openalex.org/W3193563633","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W4200444669","https://openalex.org/W4205504537","https://openalex.org/W4205732509","https://openalex.org/W4225006216","https://openalex.org/W4225085211","https://openalex.org/W4225137238","https://openalex.org/W4283155630","https://openalex.org/W4283169532","https://openalex.org/W4307392918","https://openalex.org/W4318620371","https://openalex.org/W4319461130","https://openalex.org/W4319723652","https://openalex.org/W4323263370","https://openalex.org/W4360991389","https://openalex.org/W4366004108","https://openalex.org/W4382202988","https://openalex.org/W4385567612","https://openalex.org/W4385568120","https://openalex.org/W4391169031","https://openalex.org/W4396218105","https://openalex.org/W4396832329","https://openalex.org/W4396833121","https://openalex.org/W4400195536","https://openalex.org/W4402064163","https://openalex.org/W4407124245","https://openalex.org/W4408815549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4312320919","https://openalex.org/W2006032042","https://openalex.org/W4252319461","https://openalex.org/W2197642415","https://openalex.org/W4323263370","https://openalex.org/W2619719330","https://openalex.org/W2026244971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1],"of":[2,13,29,44,69,112],"AI":[3],"systems":[4],"to":[5,15],"assist":[6],"human":[7],"decision-making":[8],"typically":[9],"requires":[10],"the":[11,42,67],"availability":[12],"labels":[14,23,105],"train":[16],"and":[17,26,47,125],"evaluate":[18],"supervised":[19],"models.Frequently,":[20],"however,":[21],"these":[22],"are":[24,106],"unknown,":[25],"different":[27],"ways":[28],"estimating":[30],"them":[31],"involve":[32],"unverifiable":[33],"assumptions":[34],"or":[35],"arbitrary":[36],"choices.In":[37],"this":[38,116],"work,":[39],"we":[40,119],"introduce":[41],"concept":[43],"label":[45,80,113],"indeterminacy":[46,81,114],"derive":[48],"important":[49],"implications":[50,111],"in":[51,59,84,99,115],"high-stakes":[52,117],"AI-assisted":[53],"decision-making.We":[54],"present":[55],"an":[56],"empirical":[57],"study":[58,77],"a":[60],"healthcare":[61],"context,":[62,118],"focusing":[63],"specifically":[64],"on":[65,91],"predicting":[66],"recovery":[68],"comatose":[70],"patients":[71,92,103],"after":[72],"resuscitation":[73],"from":[74],"cardiac":[75],"arrest.Our":[76],"shows":[78],"that":[79,86],"can":[82],"result":[83],"models":[85],"perform":[87],"similarly":[88],"when":[89],"evaluated":[90],"with":[93],"known":[94],"labels,":[95],"but":[96],"vary":[97],"drastically":[98],"their":[100],"predictions":[101],"for":[102,122],"where":[104],"unknown.After":[107],"demonstrating":[108],"crucial":[109],"ethical":[110],"discuss":[120],"takeaways":[121],"evaluation,":[123],"reporting,":[124],"design.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}