{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410068093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071","title":"SecureGaze: Defending Gaze Estimation Against Backdoor Attacks","display_name":"SecureGaze: Defending Gaze Estimation Against Backdoor Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410068093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715014.3722071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100597802","display_name":"Lingyu Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-7866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033795192","display_name":"Yupei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4300-758X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006298897","display_name":"Jinyuan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-7769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyuan Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009415566","display_name":"Guohao Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guohao Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100597802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08412198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"102","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9759479761123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7747277021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6605937480926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5134230852127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5127714276313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4911467730998993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.43629974126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32244619727134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11805525422096252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9759479761123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7747277021408081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6605937480926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5134230852127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5127714276313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4911467730998993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.43629974126815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32244619727134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11805525422096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715014.3722071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3715014.3722071","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3715014.3722071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986291329","https://openalex.org/W2019177772","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2047875689","https://openalex.org/W2090938882","https://openalex.org/W2107309161","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2114902384","https://openalex.org/W2158363907","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2536982654","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2613418375","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2756166059","https://openalex.org/W2756201583","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2783615339","https://openalex.org/W2784086154","https://openalex.org/W2795960359","https://openalex.org/W2807363941","https://openalex.org/W2888656057","https://openalex.org/W2895535699","https://openalex.org/W2898769710","https://openalex.org/W2934843808","https://openalex.org/W2941240724","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2963513865","https://openalex.org/W2963794138","https://openalex.org/W2965297430","https://openalex.org/W2971661634","https://openalex.org/W2972672476","https://openalex.org/W2980985353","https://openalex.org/W2985913519","https://openalex.org/W2986013765","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W3003617326","https://openalex.org/W3005837602","https://openalex.org/W3010216907","https://openalex.org/W3034856584","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3074128044","https://openalex.org/W3089713401","https://openalex.org/W3096147990","https://openalex.org/W3112001526","https://openalex.org/W3113332968","https://openalex.org/W3117572899","https://openalex.org/W3160267893","https://openalex.org/W3175215793","https://openalex.org/W3210951978","https://openalex.org/W3217703173","https://openalex.org/W4200011677","https://openalex.org/W4214680449","https://openalex.org/W4220911641","https://openalex.org/W4225750584","https://openalex.org/W4294691495","https://openalex.org/W4294891905","https://openalex.org/W4312536478","https://openalex.org/W4313192591","https://openalex.org/W4324007135","https://openalex.org/W4382680382","https://openalex.org/W4386066154","https://openalex.org/W4395470955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4386080799","https://openalex.org/W3140988292","https://openalex.org/W4401407399","https://openalex.org/W4399144619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaze":[0],"estimation":[1,21,60,131,145,155,177],"models":[2,61,146],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,114,197],"applications":[7],"such":[8,56,66,107,148],"as":[9,108],"driver":[10],"attention":[11],"monitoring":[12],"and":[13,165,183,200,213],"human-computer":[14],"interaction.":[15],"While":[16],"many":[17,104],"methods":[18],"for":[19,191],"gaze":[20,59,91,130,144,154,176],"exist,":[22],"they":[23],"rely":[24,51],"heavily":[25],"on":[26,52,129],"data-hungry":[27],"deep":[28],"learning":[29],"to":[30,39,62,112,142,160,186],"achieve":[31],"high":[32],"performance.":[33],"This":[34,99],"reliance":[35],"often":[36],"forces":[37],"practitioners":[38],"harvest":[40],"training":[41,75],"data":[42],"from":[43,147,219],"unverified":[44],"public":[45],"datasets,":[46],"outsource":[47],"model":[48,82,111],"training,":[49],"or":[50],"pre-trained":[53],"models.":[54,132,221],"However,":[55],"practices":[57],"expose":[58],"backdoor":[63,70,79,127,168,193,211],"attacks.":[64,149],"In":[65,133],"attacks,":[67],"adversaries":[68],"inject":[69],"triggers":[71],"by":[72],"poisoning":[73],"the":[74,81,101,110,116,138,188],"data,":[76],"creating":[77],"a":[78,94,181,208],"vulnerability:":[80],"performs":[83],"normally":[84],"with":[85],"benign":[86],"inputs,":[87],"but":[88],"produces":[89],"manipulated":[90],"directions":[92],"when":[93],"specific":[95],"trigger":[96,189],"is":[97,122],"present.":[98],"compromises":[100],"security":[102],"of":[103,174,210],"gaze-based":[105],"applications,":[106],"causing":[109],"fail":[113],"tracking":[115],"driver's":[117],"attention.":[118],"To":[119],"date,":[120],"there":[121],"no":[123],"defense":[124],"that":[125,204],"addresses":[126],"attacks":[128,212],"response,":[134],"we":[135,179],"introduce":[136],"SecureGaze,":[137],"first":[139],"solution":[140],"designed":[141],"protect":[143],"Unlike":[150],"classification":[151,220],"models,":[152,178],"defending":[153],"poses":[156],"unique":[157],"challenges":[158],"due":[159],"its":[161],"continuous":[162],"output":[163],"space":[164],"globally":[166],"activated":[167],"behavior.":[169],"By":[170],"identifying":[171],"distinctive":[172],"characteristics":[173],"backdoored":[175],"develop":[180],"novel":[182],"effective":[184],"approach":[185],"reverse-engineer":[187],"function":[190],"reliable":[192],"detection.":[194],"Extensive":[195],"evaluations":[196],"both":[198],"digital":[199],"physical":[201],"worlds":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"SecureGaze":[205],"effectively":[206],"counters":[207],"range":[209],"outperforms":[214],"seven":[215],"state-of-the-art":[216],"defenses":[217],"adapted":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}