{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406697187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478","title":"Advancing Explainable Autonomous Vehicle Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Research Roadmap","display_name":"Advancing Explainable Autonomous Vehicle Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Research Roadmap","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406697187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3714478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064513938","display_name":"Sule Tekkesinoglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sule Tekkesinoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1232-346X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089709656","display_name":"Azra Habibovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294350288","display_name":"Scania (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g4sde39","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294350288"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azra Habibovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scania CV AB, Sodertalje, Sweden","Scania CV AB, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-9560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scania CV AB, Sodertalje, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294350288"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scania CV AB, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294350288"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042932869","display_name":"Lars Kunze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Kunze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the West of England, Bristol, UK and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","University of the West of England, University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-1938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the West of England, Bristol, UK and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I178535277"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the West of England, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.1067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99756026,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4511689841747284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.434261679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3276386857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.291040301322937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4511689841747284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.434261679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3276386857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.291040301322937}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3714478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3714478","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3714478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193251","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","issn_l":"2573-9522","issn":["2573-9522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G11662032","display_name":"Responsible AI for Long-term Trustworthy Autonomous Systems (RAILS): Integrating Responsible AI and Socio-legal Governance","funder_award_id":"EP/W011344/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":208,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3404557","https://openalex.org/W1547351651","https://openalex.org/W1955305638","https://openalex.org/W2011475678","https://openalex.org/W2029460341","https://openalex.org/W2036401265","https://openalex.org/W2045128528","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2066235477","https://openalex.org/W2066459380","https://openalex.org/W2079283960","https://openalex.org/W2095953405","https://openalex.org/W2142175015","https://openalex.org/W2143074722","https://openalex.org/W2161054318","https://openalex.org/W2169453353","https://openalex.org/W2286247980","https://openalex.org/W2336886423","https://openalex.org/W2568981863","https://openalex.org/W2594119395","https://openalex.org/W2604348044","https://openalex.org/W2670253439","https://openalex.org/W2744943028","https://openalex.org/W2760977008","https://openalex.org/W2766995355","https://openalex.org/W2768343520","https://openalex.org/W2769533150","https://openalex.org/W2775450822","https://openalex.org/W2783539613","https://openalex.org/W2791890170","https://openalex.org/W2793042740","https://openalex.org/W2806637990","https://openalex.org/W2885800163","https://openalex.org/W2889775133","https://openalex.org/W2890753590","https://openalex.org/W2890784199","https://openalex.org/W2890958932","https://openalex.org/W2891326108","https://openalex.org/W2891617635","https://openalex.org/W2891890513","https://openalex.org/W2898915764","https://openalex.org/W2902480251","https://openalex.org/W2905247939","https://openalex.org/W2908325530","https://openalex.org/W2909102567","https://openalex.org/W2912203744","https://openalex.org/W2912794432","https://openalex.org/W2913160166","https://openalex.org/W2913360216","https://openalex.org/W2922247773","https://openalex.org/W2932616327","https://openalex.org/W2939049148","https://openalex.org/W2941986608","https://openalex.org/W2942678267","https://openalex.org/W2946112597","https://openalex.org/W2947652593","https://openalex.org/W2953124328","https://openalex.org/W2953303875","https://openalex.org/W2953416276","https://openalex.org/W2964919387","https://openalex.org/W2965580818","https://openalex.org/W2966828280","https://openalex.org/W2967596054","https://openalex.org/W2969594658","https://openalex.org/W2970803237","https://openalex.org/W2971295107","https://openalex.org/W2973568968","https://openalex.org/W2973648487","https://openalex.org/W2974832674","https://openalex.org/W2980573810","https://openalex.org/W2981580660","https://openalex.org/W2996514457","https://openalex.org/W2998413342","https://openalex.org/W2999042988","https://openalex.org/W3001293072","https://openalex.org/W3003317663","https://openalex.org/W3010040303","https://openalex.org/W3012201348","https://openalex.org/W3037429136","https://openalex.org/W3038655693","https://openalex.org/W3038723597","https://openalex.org/W3039985693","https://openalex.org/W3040865295","https://openalex.org/W3044403197","https://openalex.org/W3045517780","https://openalex.org/W3047516569","https://openalex.org/W3047614479","https://openalex.org/W3081613680","https://openalex.org/W3085476572","https://openalex.org/W3086325867","https://openalex.org/W3087811358","https://openalex.org/W3090359607","https://openalex.org/W3092047428","https://openalex.org/W3092785128","https://openalex.org/W3094894510","https://openalex.org/W3110923198","https://openalex.org/W3117748753","https://openalex.org/W3118767882","https://openalex.org/W3120767972","https://openalex.org/W3122875934","https://openalex.org/W3127997563","https://openalex.org/W3128196514","https://openalex.org/W3132008999","https://openalex.org/W3135221627","https://openalex.org/W3154786901","https://openalex.org/W3154966974","https://openalex.org/W3155429556","https://openalex.org/W3158353424","https://openalex.org/W3161667842","https://openalex.org/W3162920521","https://openalex.org/W3163193324","https://openalex.org/W3171142246","https://openalex.org/W3177369277","https://openalex.org/W3194303810","https://openalex.org/W3197849985","https://openalex.org/W3199512286","https://openalex.org/W3203720641","https://openalex.org/W3205950657","https://openalex.org/W3208370538","https://openalex.org/W3209881631","https://openalex.org/W3210065386","https://openalex.org/W3213373486","https://openalex.org/W3216029730","https://openalex.org/W4200327810","https://openalex.org/W4200335046","https://openalex.org/W4205991048","https://openalex.org/W4206019193","https://openalex.org/W4206393932","https://openalex.org/W4206696894","https://openalex.org/W4210611277","https://openalex.org/W4212988410","https://openalex.org/W4214546014","https://openalex.org/W4224252451","https://openalex.org/W4224307344","https://openalex.org/W4225555528","https://openalex.org/W4226334652","https://openalex.org/W4240514091","https://openalex.org/W4244438826","https://openalex.org/W4244462710","https://openalex.org/W4247582713","https://openalex.org/W4248289295","https://openalex.org/W4248588746","https://openalex.org/W4252377073","https://openalex.org/W4253763531","https://openalex.org/W4281477602","https://openalex.org/W4281560082","https://openalex.org/W4281712104","https://openalex.org/W4283273834","https://openalex.org/W4283787646","https://openalex.org/W4284890365","https://openalex.org/W4284899358","https://openalex.org/W4285244183","https://openalex.org/W4285813129","https://openalex.org/W4285813839","https://openalex.org/W4286823232","https://openalex.org/W4288421664","https://openalex.org/W4290375100","https://openalex.org/W4290629752","https://openalex.org/W4292553485","https://openalex.org/W4292653773","https://openalex.org/W4294068664","https://openalex.org/W4294938638","https://openalex.org/W4295941947","https://openalex.org/W4297422983","https://openalex.org/W4297788787","https://openalex.org/W4297884117","https://openalex.org/W4301409532","https://openalex.org/W4304204764","https://openalex.org/W4310117581","https://openalex.org/W4311390929","https://openalex.org/W4312127538","https://openalex.org/W4312430207","https://openalex.org/W4315606104","https://openalex.org/W4316672856","https://openalex.org/W4317494008","https://openalex.org/W4317743598","https://openalex.org/W4317928033","https://openalex.org/W4319069654","https://openalex.org/W4319660011","https://openalex.org/W4319937210","https://openalex.org/W4322201537","https://openalex.org/W4322632270","https://openalex.org/W4322734003","https://openalex.org/W4323022494","https://openalex.org/W4323322471","https://openalex.org/W4360826958","https://openalex.org/W4360991142","https://openalex.org/W4365128530","https://openalex.org/W4365800120","https://openalex.org/W4366483297","https://openalex.org/W4379141088","https://openalex.org/W4379382554","https://openalex.org/W4380320217","https://openalex.org/W4380354734","https://openalex.org/W4383066236","https://openalex.org/W4386586025","https://openalex.org/W4387635162","https://openalex.org/W4387918052","https://openalex.org/W4388007964","https://openalex.org/W4388438953","https://openalex.org/W4389306293","https://openalex.org/W4392939519","https://openalex.org/W4400645312","https://openalex.org/W4400645478","https://openalex.org/W4403843558","https://openalex.org/W6764936009","https://openalex.org/W6783295889","https://openalex.org/W6811046353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,13,25,40,51,61,71,117,143,152,167,189,194],"uncertainty":[2],"surrounding":[3],"how":[4],"existing":[5,86],"explainability":[6],"methods":[7],"for":[8,110],"autonomous":[9,222],"vehicles":[10],"(AVs)":[11],"meet":[12],"diverse":[14,146],"needs":[15],"of":[16,42,73,137,145,169,198,206],"stakeholders,":[17],"a":[18,57,107,203],"thorough":[19],"investigation":[20,82],"is":[21,133],"imperative":[22],"to":[23,38,59,69,84,192],"determine":[24],"contexts":[26],"requiring":[27],"explanations":[28,126],"and":[29,48,67,76,96,127,140,180,196,213,219],"suitable":[30],"interaction":[31,178],"strategies.":[32],"A":[33],"comprehensive":[34,108],"review":[35,58],"becomes":[36],"crucial":[37],"assess":[39],"alignment":[41],"current":[43],"approaches":[44],"with":[45,64,155],"varied":[46],"interests":[47],"expectations":[49],"within":[50],"AV":[52,79,158],"ecosystem.":[53],"This":[54],"study":[55,190],"presents":[56],"discuss":[60],"complexities":[62],"associated":[63,154],"explanation":[65,147],"generation":[66],"presentation":[68],"facilitate":[70],"development":[72,168,195],"more":[74,220],"effective":[75],"inclusive":[77],"explainable":[78,157,199],"systems.":[80],"Our":[81,131],"led":[83],"categorising":[85],"literature":[87],"into":[88],"three":[89],"primary":[90],"topics:":[91],"explanatory":[92,94,97],"tasks,":[93],"information":[95,98],"communication.":[99],"Drawing":[100],"upon":[101],"our":[102],"insights,":[103],"we":[104,160],"have":[105,161],"proposed":[106],"roadmap":[109,132],"future":[111],"research":[112,139,164,187],"centred":[113],"on":[114],"(i)":[115],"knowing":[116],"interlocutor,":[118],"(ii)":[119,123],"generating":[120],"timely":[121],"explanations,":[122],"communicating":[124],"human-friendly":[125],"(iv)":[128],"continuous":[129],"learning.":[130],"underpinned":[134],"by":[135,202],"principles":[136],"responsible":[138],"innovation,":[141],"emphasising":[142],"significance":[144],"requirements.":[148],"To":[149],"effectively":[150],"tackle":[151],"challenges":[153],"implementing":[156],"systems,":[159],"delineated":[162],"various":[163],"directions,":[165,188],"including":[166],"privacy-preserving":[170],"data":[171],"integration,":[172],"ethical":[173,214],"frameworks,":[174],"real-time":[175],"analytics,":[176],"human-centric":[177],"design":[179],"enhanced":[181],"cross-disciplinary":[182],"collaborations.":[183],"By":[184],"exploring":[185],"these":[186],"aims":[191],"guide":[193],"deployment":[197],"AVs,":[200],"informed":[201],"holistic":[204],"understanding":[205],"user":[207],"needs,":[208],"technological":[209],"advancements,":[210],"regulatory":[211],"compliance":[212],"considerations,":[215],"thereby":[216],"ensuring":[217],"safer":[218],"trustworthy":[221],"driving":[223],"experiences.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}