{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406677804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3713074","title":"Hierarchical Deployment and Square Tessellation for Connected k-Coverage in Heterogeneous Planar Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Hierarchical Deployment and Square Tessellation for Connected k-Coverage in Heterogeneous Planar Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406677804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3713074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3713074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3713074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082981519","display_name":"Kalyan Nakka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalyan Nakka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-0939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063304086","display_name":"Habib M. Ammari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131740757","display_name":"Texas A&M International University","ror":"https://ror.org/028861t28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131740757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib M. Ammari","raw_affiliation_strings":["WiSeMAN Research Center / School of Engineering / College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, United States","School of Engineering / College of Arts and Sciences / WiSeMAN Research Center, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-2862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WiSeMAN Research Center / School of Engineering / College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131740757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering / College of Arts and Sciences / WiSeMAN Research Center, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131740757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90811963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7911986112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7332015633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6544716954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square","display_name":"Square (algebra)","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tessellation","display_name":"Tessellation (computer graphics)","score":0.6229060888290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5627519488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-tiling","display_name":"Square tiling","score":0.45921728014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voronoi-diagram","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","score":0.4559538662433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44881951808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3497782349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11732438206672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.10257101058959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.087924063205719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7911986112594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7332015633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6544716954231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43817857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9357547","display_name":"Tessellation (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.6229060888290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5627519488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128619","display_name":"Square tiling","level":3,"score":0.45921728014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24881265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757267","display_name":"Voronoi diagram","level":2,"score":0.4559538662433624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44881951808929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3497782349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11732438206672668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.10257101058959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.087924063205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3713074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3713074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S170502224","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-4859","issn":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1411812843","display_name":"CISE-MSI: RCBP-ED: CNS: MBARKA: A Multi-tier Basic Architecture for fault-toleRant and K-secure IoT-based Autonomous campus monitoring systems","funder_award_id":"2219785","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499010354","https://openalex.org/W1989231680","https://openalex.org/W2015309147","https://openalex.org/W2102099586","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2164472621","https://openalex.org/W2165410586","https://openalex.org/W2242150703","https://openalex.org/W2511953836","https://openalex.org/W2589814236","https://openalex.org/W2596124575","https://openalex.org/W2760714735","https://openalex.org/W2776147116","https://openalex.org/W2809700694","https://openalex.org/W2889094357","https://openalex.org/W2891801277","https://openalex.org/W2906273897","https://openalex.org/W2978700509","https://openalex.org/W2983435741","https://openalex.org/W2994122093","https://openalex.org/W3010834721","https://openalex.org/W3016066056","https://openalex.org/W3016700760","https://openalex.org/W3017592242","https://openalex.org/W3025828969","https://openalex.org/W3037742052","https://openalex.org/W3111481858","https://openalex.org/W3122434286","https://openalex.org/W3155786463","https://openalex.org/W3199851060","https://openalex.org/W3200284188","https://openalex.org/W4244787982","https://openalex.org/W4300862972","https://openalex.org/W4300865043","https://openalex.org/W4367466131","https://openalex.org/W4386074838","https://openalex.org/W4386211367","https://openalex.org/W4388785041","https://openalex.org/W6679365492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997141012","https://openalex.org/W1516845492","https://openalex.org/W1978501764","https://openalex.org/W4379093271","https://openalex.org/W2005041861","https://openalex.org/W2013420653","https://openalex.org/W4320480963","https://openalex.org/W2371724110","https://openalex.org/W2180734429","https://openalex.org/W2126647504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coverage":[0],"and":[1,48,77,95,162,214,249],"connectivity":[2,67,78,233],"are":[3,129],"the":[4,10,30,37,57,83,101,126,153,197,215,229,235,260],"major":[5],"performance":[6,295],"metrics":[7],"that":[8,74,259],"reflect":[9],"quality":[11],"of":[12,26,42,60,85,103,144,182,205,217,262],"service":[13],"provided":[14],"by":[15,118],"heterogeneous":[16,86,108,171,183,245,263,289],"planar":[17,24],"wireless":[18],"sensor":[19,212],"networks":[20],"(PWSNs)":[21],"monitoring":[22],"a":[23,114,177,186,218],"field":[25],"interest":[27],"(PFoI),":[28],"where":[29,110],"deployed":[31,127],"sensors":[32,122,128,184,236,264],"may":[33],"not":[34],"necessarily":[35],"have":[36,152],"same":[38,154,198],"capabilities":[39,156],"in":[40,82,107,113,167,185,238],"terms":[41],"their":[43],"sensing":[44,160],"range,":[45,47,161],"communication":[46,163],"maximum":[49],"battery-power":[50],"capacity.":[51],"Precisely,":[52],"coverage":[53,76,94],"is":[54,63,68,72,116,190],"considered":[55,81],"as":[56],"main":[58],"functionality":[59],"PWSNs,":[61,109],"which":[62,151,189],"meaningful":[64],"only":[65],"when":[66],"guaranteed.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"it":[71],"important":[73],"both":[75],"be":[79],"jointly":[80],"deployment":[84,181,213,261],"PWSNs.":[87],"In":[88],"order":[89],"to":[90,99,201,271,293],"account":[91],"for":[92,224,232,288],"joint":[93],"connectivity,":[96],"we":[97,175,227,242],"propose":[98,176,243],"solve":[100],"problem":[102,146],"connected":[104,284],"k":[105,121,137,203,225,246,285],"-coverage":[106,204,247,286],"every":[111],"point":[112],"PFoI":[115],"covered":[117],"at":[119],"least":[120],"simultaneously,":[123],"while":[124],"all":[125],"mutually":[130],"connected,":[131],"either":[132],"directly":[133],"or":[134],"indirectly,":[135],"with":[136,196,291],">":[138],"1.":[139],"While":[140],"most":[141],"existing":[142,283],"studies":[143],"this":[145,168,206,210],"focus":[147],"on":[148,209],"homogeneous":[149,275],"sensors,":[150],"above-mentioned":[155],"(i.e.,":[157],"initial":[158],"energy,":[159],"range),":[164],"our":[165,244,251,278],"study":[166],"article":[169],"considers":[170],"ones.":[172],"More":[173],"specifically,":[174],"hierarchical":[178],"(or":[179],"multitier)":[180],"square":[187,194,219,222],"FoI,":[188],"divided":[191],"into":[192,221],"concentric":[193],"bands":[195,223],"width":[199],"difference":[200],"achieve":[202,266],"PFoI.":[207],"Based":[208],"multitier":[211],"slicing":[216],"FoI":[220],"-coverage,":[226],"establish":[228],"necessary":[230],"relationship":[231],"among":[234],"located":[237],"adjacent":[239],"bands.":[240],"Finally,":[241],"protocol":[248,280,287],"validate":[250],"theoretical":[252],"analysis":[253],"using":[254,274],"simulation":[255],"results.":[256],"We":[257],"find":[258],"helps":[265],"much":[267],"better":[268],"results":[269],"compared":[270],"those":[272],"obtained":[273],"sensors.":[276],"Furthermore,":[277],"proposed":[279],"outperforms":[281],"an":[282],"PWSNs":[290],"respect":[292],"various":[294],"metrics.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}