{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416146665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989","title":"ORBIT-2: Scaling Exascale Vision Foundation Models for Weather and Climate Downscaling","display_name":"ORBIT-2: Scaling Exascale Vision Foundation Models for Weather and Climate Downscaling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416146665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712285.3771989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411431","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-1943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-1943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054451484","display_name":"Jong Youl Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-6152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Youl Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-6152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013330641","display_name":"Takuya Kurihana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-8565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Kurihaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5669-8565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004692421","display_name":"Isaac Lyngaas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-4309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Lyngaas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-4309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054049458","display_name":"Hong\u2010Jun Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Jun Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5450-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102340211","display_name":"Xi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0931-6982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0931-6982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041404935","display_name":"David Pugmire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-2634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pugmire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-2634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083773050","display_name":"Ming Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-2795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3587-2795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120300829","display_name":"Nasik Muhammad Nafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasik Muhammad Nafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-9217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006493183","display_name":"Aristeidis Tsaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-3349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aristeidis Tsaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-3349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091417392","display_name":"Ashwin M. Aji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129753","display_name":"Applied Spectra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0343ms580","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129753"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin M. Aji","raw_affiliation_strings":["AMD, Fremont, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AMD, Fremont, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102306946","display_name":"M. Enamul Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9785-4670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maliha Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9785-4670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002208999","display_name":"Mohamed Wahib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-2095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129730","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Computational Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03r519674","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Wahib","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-2095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101543640","display_name":"Dali Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-5108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dali Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-5108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066392729","display_name":"Peter Thornton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-5158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Thornton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-5158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068721920","display_name":"Prasanna Balaprakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0292-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasanna Balaprakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0292-5715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012717451","display_name":"Moetasim Ashfaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-3027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moetasim Ashfaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4106-3027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055684887","display_name":"Dan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-9843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-9843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100411431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9194278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"86","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.27160000801086426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.27160000801086426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.14810000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.11010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.9142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model","display_name":"Climate model","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.3695000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.9142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712285.3771989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712285.3771989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712285.3771989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999783660","https://openalex.org/W2094794852","https://openalex.org/W2106666090","https://openalex.org/W2117433301","https://openalex.org/W2139433170","https://openalex.org/W2154836439","https://openalex.org/W2169601394","https://openalex.org/W2613045596","https://openalex.org/W2763018387","https://openalex.org/W2944818169","https://openalex.org/W3016242410","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3034131491","https://openalex.org/W3081618661","https://openalex.org/W3081656623","https://openalex.org/W3086105743","https://openalex.org/W3118690163","https://openalex.org/W3154650405","https://openalex.org/W4226014430","https://openalex.org/W4287020683","https://openalex.org/W4312349930","https://openalex.org/W4386768656","https://openalex.org/W4386925640","https://openalex.org/W4399398842","https://openalex.org/W4402827674","https://openalex.org/W4411739837"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"observations":[1],"and":[2,25,27,67,74,93,112,125],"coarse-resolution":[3],"climate":[4,49],"models":[5],"limit":[6],"effective":[7],"regional":[8],"decision-making,":[9],"underscoring":[10],"the":[11,31],"need":[12],"for":[13,46,70],"robust":[14,72],"downscaling.":[15,50],"However,":[16],"existing":[17],"AI":[18],"methods":[19],"struggle":[20],"with":[21,64,142],"generalization":[22],"across":[23,102],"variables":[24],"geographies":[26],"are":[28],"constrained":[29],"by":[30],"quadratic":[32,87],"complexity":[33,85],"of":[34,147],"Vision":[35],"Transformer":[36],"(ViT)":[37],"self-attention.":[38],"We":[39],"introduce":[40],"ORBIT-2,":[41],"a":[42,61,77],"scalable":[43],"foundation":[44],"model":[45],"global,":[47],"hyper-resolution":[48],"ORBIT-2":[51,96,138],"incorporates":[52],"two":[53],"key":[54],"innovations:":[55],"(1)":[56],"Residual":[57],"Slim":[58],"ViT":[59],"(Reslim),":[60],"lightweight":[62],"architecture":[63],"residual":[65],"learning":[66],"Bayesian":[68],"regularization":[69],"efficient,":[71],"prediction;":[73],"(2)":[75],"TILES,":[76],"tile-wise":[78],"sequence":[79],"scaling":[80,115],"algorithm":[81],"that":[82],"reduces":[83],"self-attention":[84],"from":[86],"to":[88,98,107,120,129],"linear,":[89],"enabling":[90],"long-sequence":[91],"processing":[92],"massive":[94],"parallelism.":[95],"scales":[97],"10":[99],"billion":[100,131],"parameters":[101],"65,536":[103],"GPUs,":[104],"achieving":[105],"up":[106,128],"4.1":[108],"ExaFLOPS":[109],"sustained":[110],"throughput":[111],"74\u201398%":[113],"strong":[114],"efficiency.":[116],"It":[117],"supports":[118],"downscaling":[119],"0.9":[121],"km":[122,135],"global":[123],"resolution":[124,136],"processes":[126],"sequences":[127],"4.2":[130],"tokens.":[132],"On":[133],"7":[134],"benchmarks,":[137],"achieves":[139],"high":[140],"accuracy":[141],"R2":[143],"scores":[144],"in":[145],"range":[146],"0.98\u20130.99":[148],"against":[149],"observation":[150],"data.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-28T06:22:00.575940","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}