{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408147513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712272","title":"MagKey: Empowering Wearables with Ballistocardiography-based Key Generation through Magnetic Field Vibration Sensing","display_name":"MagKey: Empowering Wearables with Ballistocardiography-based Key Generation through Magnetic Field Vibration Sensing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408147513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712272","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712272","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113443124","display_name":"Jun\u2010Ying Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563432","display_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074511454","display_name":"Chaojie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101744515","display_name":"Yuchen Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3796-1057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068195118","display_name":"Shibo He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-6766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472874","display_name":"Yuanchao Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726041","display_name":"Jiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113443124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78188743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6942846775054932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5843459963798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballistocardiography","display_name":"Ballistocardiography","score":0.5174018144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.4358093738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3810677230358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.37154829502105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3453771471977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32893919944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.29816120862960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28973129391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20140030980110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16817545890808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1400844156742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.12724506855010986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6942846775054932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5843459963798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779611634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851812","display_name":"Ballistocardiography","level":2,"score":0.5174018144607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.4358093738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3810677230358124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37154829502105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3453771471977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32893919944763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29816120862960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28973129391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20140030980110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16817545890808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1400844156742096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.12724506855010986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712272","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712272","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408147513.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483963158","https://openalex.org/W1545025361","https://openalex.org/W1593138711","https://openalex.org/W1897659789","https://openalex.org/W1993391598","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2032719203","https://openalex.org/W2046012313","https://openalex.org/W2065475678","https://openalex.org/W2122235704","https://openalex.org/W2140184559","https://openalex.org/W2156808151","https://openalex.org/W2249590530","https://openalex.org/W2286607817","https://openalex.org/W2313787100","https://openalex.org/W2408790585","https://openalex.org/W2532279811","https://openalex.org/W2534589380","https://openalex.org/W2548276179","https://openalex.org/W2592075940","https://openalex.org/W2619132050","https://openalex.org/W2756269251","https://openalex.org/W2761420877","https://openalex.org/W2769533150","https://openalex.org/W2777438870","https://openalex.org/W2795302640","https://openalex.org/W2805782064","https://openalex.org/W2890276013","https://openalex.org/W2909703062","https://openalex.org/W2910678199","https://openalex.org/W2925634966","https://openalex.org/W2992342621","https://openalex.org/W3005348902","https://openalex.org/W3031826823","https://openalex.org/W3046754284","https://openalex.org/W3058283064","https://openalex.org/W3100243261","https://openalex.org/W3132432984","https://openalex.org/W3134862253","https://openalex.org/W3164957685","https://openalex.org/W3175569648","https://openalex.org/W3180789318","https://openalex.org/W3214101066","https://openalex.org/W4228996511","https://openalex.org/W4241669832","https://openalex.org/W4242032896","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W4251454195","https://openalex.org/W4253883650","https://openalex.org/W4254402755","https://openalex.org/W4285815042","https://openalex.org/W4296425720","https://openalex.org/W4362545128","https://openalex.org/W4362563574","https://openalex.org/W4382540978","https://openalex.org/W4396833213","https://openalex.org/W4399121557","https://openalex.org/W4399121781","https://openalex.org/W4402039943","https://openalex.org/W6793766845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2443144249","https://openalex.org/W2414059932","https://openalex.org/W2419862092","https://openalex.org/W2409338817","https://openalex.org/W2086567125","https://openalex.org/W2143256197","https://openalex.org/W2401675268","https://openalex.org/W2412703768","https://openalex.org/W2029474091","https://openalex.org/W2429795628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Symmetric":[0],"key":[1,70,87,129,142],"generation":[2,71,130],"based":[3],"on":[4,66,141,159],"biometrics":[5],"has":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8,40],"a":[9,80,149,160,167],"promising":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12,35,153],"wearables":[13,67,84],"pairing.":[14],"Among":[15],"various":[16],"biometrics,":[17],"heartbeats":[18],"offer":[19],"significant":[20],"potential":[21,191],"owing":[22],"to":[23,49,59],"their":[24],"inherent":[25],"randomness":[26],"and":[27,38,68,125,138,148,166,178],"spontaneity.":[28],"Ballistocardiography":[29],"(BCG),":[30],"in":[31,47,64,93],"particular,":[32],"stands":[33],"out":[34],"its":[36],"accessibility":[37],"inclusivity,":[39],"it":[41],"measures":[42],"the":[43,54,91,114,128,134,176,187],"body's":[44],"recoil":[45,103],"forces":[46,104],"response":[48],"cardiac":[50],"blood":[51],"ejection":[52],"into":[53,105],"vasculature.":[55],"However,":[56],"traditional":[57],"approaches":[58],"BCG":[60,95],"suffer":[61],"from":[62],"challenges":[63],"sensing":[65,96],"limited":[69],"rates.":[72],"To":[73,132],"this":[74,76],"end,":[75],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"MagKey,":[79],"system":[81],"that":[82,113],"enables":[83],"with":[85],"BCG-based":[86],"generation.":[88],"MagKey":[89,111,144,158],"overcomes":[90],"difficulties":[92],"effective":[94],"by":[97,102],"translating":[98],"skin":[99],"vibration":[100,108],"caused":[101],"magnetic":[106],"field":[107],"(MFV).":[109],"Moreover,":[110],"demonstrates":[112],"peak-to-peak":[115],"trend":[116],"(PPT)":[117],"of":[118,136,180],"MFV":[119],"signals":[120],"can":[121],"reliably":[122],"extract":[123],"keys,":[124],"thus":[126],"improve":[127],"rate.":[131],"mitigate":[133],"impact":[135],"noise":[137],"motion":[139],"artifacts":[140],"generation,":[143],"employs":[145],"analog":[146],"filters":[147],"peak":[150],"screening":[151],"method":[152],"signal":[154],"processing.":[155],"We":[156],"implement":[157],"one-layer":[161],"flexible":[162],"printed":[163,169],"circuit":[164,170],"(FPC)":[165],"two-layer":[168],"board":[171],"(PCB).":[172],"Extensive":[173],"experiments":[174],"show":[175],"usability":[177],"effectiveness":[179],"MagKey.":[181],"Furthermore,":[182],"our":[183],"security":[184],"analyses":[185],"illustrate":[186],"scheme's":[188],"resilience":[189],"against":[190],"attacks.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
