{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413216269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712255.3734231","title":"LLaMEA: Automatically Generating Metaheuristics with Large Language Models","display_name":"LLaMEA: Automatically Generating Metaheuristics with Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413216269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712255.3734231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712255.3734231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712255.3734231","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712255.3734231?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712255.3734231?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003248571","display_name":"Bas van Stein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niki van Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062646838","display_name":"Thomas B\u00e4ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6768-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B\u00e4ck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003248571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43342516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7895585894584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.7376642823219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4583228826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4114611744880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40852537751197815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7895585894584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.7376642823219299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4583228826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4114611744880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40852537751197815}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712255.3734231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712255.3734231","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712255.3734231?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_4294832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3712255.3734231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"GECCO '25 Companion","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3712255.3734231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3712255.3734231","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3712255.3734231?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608771","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413216269.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879678483","https://openalex.org/W2097263684","https://openalex.org/W2314046539","https://openalex.org/W4381415589","https://openalex.org/W4402570356","https://openalex.org/W4404316964","https://openalex.org/W4409731731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W3156820950","https://openalex.org/W4232791346","https://openalex.org/W2971069100","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"summarizes":[2],"our":[3],"recent":[4],"work":[5,28],"published":[6],"in":[7],"IEEE":[8],"Transactions":[9],"on":[10,54,77],"Evolutionary":[11,20],"Computation":[12],"(2025),":[13],"entitled":[14],"\"LLaMEA:":[15],"A":[16],"Large":[17],"Language":[18],"Model":[19],"Algorithm":[21],"for":[22,90,98],"Automatically":[23],"Generating":[24],"Metaheuristics\".":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,95],"novel":[32],"evolutionary":[33,99],"algorithm":[34,92],"framework":[35],"that":[36,60],"leverages":[37],"large":[38],"language":[39],"models":[40],"(LLMs)":[41],"like":[42],"GPT-4":[43],"to":[44],"automatically":[45,62],"generate,":[46],"evaluate,":[47],"and":[48,74],"refine":[49],"metaheuristic":[50],"optimization":[51,79],"algorithms.":[52],"Evaluations":[53],"the":[55,84],"BBOB":[56],"benchmark":[57],"suite":[58],"demonstrate":[59],"algorithms":[61],"discovered":[63],"by":[64],"LLaMEA":[65],"can":[66],"outperform":[67],"established":[68],"state-of-the-art":[69],"methods,":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72],"CMA-ES":[73],"DE,":[75],"especially":[76],"lower-dimensional":[78],"problems.":[80],"Our":[81],"results":[82],"illustrate":[83],"significant":[85],"potential":[86],"of":[87],"using":[88],"LLMs":[89],"automated":[91],"design,":[93],"setting":[94],"new":[96],"direction":[97],"computation":[100],"research.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
