{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412877155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","title":"RL4CO: An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark","display_name":"RL4CO: An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412877155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099447652","display_name":"Federico Berto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Berto","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-8365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039806945","display_name":"Chuanbo Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanbo Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354909","display_name":"Junyoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057531645","display_name":"Laurin Luttmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-7263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113456305","display_name":"Leuphana University of L\u00fcneburg","ror":"https://ror.org/02w2y2t16","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113456305"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurin Luttmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["L\u00fcneburg Leuphana University, L\u00fcneburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-7263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L\u00fcneburg Leuphana University, L\u00fcneburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113456305"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081047744","display_name":"Yining Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050870827","display_name":"Fanchen Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-3902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchen Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-3902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639354","display_name":"Jiarui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-6016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015329124","display_name":"Haoran Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-3716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029810193","display_name":"Minsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3072-3660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164802","display_name":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05c22rx21","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164802"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mila, Montreal, Canada and KAIST, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3072-3660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and KAIST, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100586326","display_name":"Sanghyeok Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghyeok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7589-9425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099447653","display_name":"Nayeli Gast Zepeda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayeli Gast Zepeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6616-908X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005733219","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Hottung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Hottung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725631","display_name":"Jianan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-148X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087259245","display_name":"Jieyi Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-3434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieyi Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-3434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100561761","display_name":"Yu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0155-3442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012853051","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-0409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-0409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018663324","display_name":"Hyeonah Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeonah Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-1879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102520427","display_name":"Jiwoo Son","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwoo Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1032-6318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085178629","display_name":"Haeyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haeyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117640992","display_name":"Davide Angioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-7817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Angioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-7817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103284134","display_name":"Wouter Kool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I907135538","display_name":"Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0481e1q24","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I907135538"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Kool","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORTEC, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-1454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORTEC, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I907135538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021597928","display_name":"Zhiguang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-759X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-759X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000546219","display_name":"Qingfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046623632","display_name":"Joungho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joungho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436659","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-7581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-7581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028609723","display_name":"Kijung Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-1526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kijung Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-1526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102933746","display_name":"Cathy Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-303X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107897596","display_name":"Sungsoo Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungsoo Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-4573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088976879","display_name":"Guojie Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031497042","display_name":"Changhyun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhyun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047606053","display_name":"Kevin Tierney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Tierney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035157812","display_name":"Lin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51783024","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxx3e24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus and Senftenberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus and Senftenberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023509025","display_name":"Jinkyoo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-1479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinkyoo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-1479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5278","last_page":"5289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8992998600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7709851861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6879797577857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5843228101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47240179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11466604471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07446637749671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.05778178572654724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8992998600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7709851861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6879797577857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5843228101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47240179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11466604471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07446637749671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.05778178572654724}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/201830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/201830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.leuphana.de:openaire/64dbbc32-648d-4fc4-b902-61a90283eb80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://fis.leuphana.de/de/publications/rl4co(64dbbc32-648d-4fc4-b902-61a90283eb80).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400489","display_name":"Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a7db5d37-809a-489e-aaea-f1836c99f530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2031/a7db5d37-809a-489e-aaea-f1836c99f530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15274158","https://openalex.org/W1482186473","https://openalex.org/W1986056047","https://openalex.org/W1989019664","https://openalex.org/W2008454042","https://openalex.org/W2020930121","https://openalex.org/W2604738573","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3005922958","https://openalex.org/W3015084943","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3097232108","https://openalex.org/W3100536750","https://openalex.org/W3133471011","https://openalex.org/W3146106549","https://openalex.org/W3175764193","https://openalex.org/W3183892796","https://openalex.org/W3214598513","https://openalex.org/W3214868035","https://openalex.org/W3216772467","https://openalex.org/W4211130072","https://openalex.org/W4229658977","https://openalex.org/W4281758439","https://openalex.org/W4285024875","https://openalex.org/W4294358747","https://openalex.org/W4294610442","https://openalex.org/W4300445707","https://openalex.org/W4306705633","https://openalex.org/W4321337724","https://openalex.org/W4381785805","https://openalex.org/W4391315348","https://openalex.org/W4393160633","https://openalex.org/W4401863699","https://openalex.org/W4406779522","https://openalex.org/W6608490358","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6912515347","https://openalex.org/W6941249815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combinatorial":[0],"optimization":[1],"(CO)":[2],"is":[3,168],"fundamental":[4],"to":[5,13,50,61,151],"several":[6],"real-world":[7],"applications,":[8],"from":[9,142],"logistics":[10],"and":[11,16,37,55,75,87,96,105,115,129,155,167],"scheduling":[12],"hardware":[14],"design":[15],"resource":[17],"allocation.":[18],"Deep":[19],"reinforcement":[20],"learning":[21],"(RL)":[22],"has":[23,159],"recently":[24],"shown":[25],"significant":[26],"benefits":[27],"in":[28,99,164],"solving":[29],"CO":[30,84],"problems,":[31],"reducing":[32],"reliance":[33],"on":[34,92,124],"domain":[35],"expertise":[36],"improving":[38],"computational":[39],"efficiency.":[40],"However,":[41],"the":[42,135,165],"absence":[43],"of":[44,82,108],"a":[45,73],"unified":[46,74],"benchmarking":[47],"framework":[48],"leads":[49],"inconsistent":[51],"evaluations,":[52],"limits":[53],"reproducibility,":[54],"increases":[56],"engineering":[57],"overhead,":[58],"raising":[59],"barriers":[60],"adoption":[62],"for":[63,175],"new":[64,153],"researchers.":[65],"To":[66],"address":[67],"these":[68],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70],"introduce":[71],"RL4CO,":[72],"extensive":[76,118,148],"benchmark":[77,149],"with":[78,117],"in-depth":[79],"library":[80],"coverage":[81],"27":[83],"problem":[85],"environments":[86],"23":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"baselines.":[90],"Built":[91],"efficient":[93],"software":[94],"libraries":[95],"best":[97],"practices":[98],"implementation,":[100],"RL4CO":[101,120,158],"features":[102],"modularized":[103],"implementation":[104],"flexible":[106],"configurations":[107],"diverse":[109],"environments,":[110],"policy":[111],"architectures,":[112],"RL":[113],"algorithms,":[114],"utilities":[116],"documentation.":[119],"helps":[121],"researchers":[122,163],"build":[123],"existing":[125],"successes":[126],"while":[127],"exploring":[128],"developing":[130],"their":[131],"own":[132],"designs,":[133],"facilitating":[134],"entire":[136],"research":[137],"process":[138],"by":[139],"decoupling":[140],"science":[141],"heavy":[143],"engineering.":[144],"We":[145],"finally":[146],"provide":[147],"studies":[150],"inspire":[152],"insights":[154],"future":[156],"work.":[157],"already":[160],"attracted":[161],"numerous":[162],"community":[166],"open-sourced":[169],"at":[170],"https://github.com/ai4co/rl4co.":[171],"\u00a9":[172],"2025":[173],"Association":[174],"Computing":[176],"Machinery.":[177],"All":[178],"rights":[179],"reserved.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}