{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412876971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737159","title":"ToolSQL: A Tool-Assisted Agent for SQL Verification and Refinement","display_name":"ToolSQL: A Tool-Assisted Agent for SQL Verification and Refinement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412876971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737159","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3737159","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3737159","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhongyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9327-9173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9327-9173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027015677","display_name":"Richong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-0300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-0300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043077962","display_name":"Zhijie Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3933-0522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3933-0522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056982192","display_name":"Jaein Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-9523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaein Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-9523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCSE, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96011704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3102","last_page":"3110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7788208723068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.6717416644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5240590572357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4314863979816437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql/psm","display_name":"SQL/PSM","score":0.41541290283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32243701815605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.2163677215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.120547354221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.06781357526779175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7788208723068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.6717416644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5240590572357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4314863979816437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167544706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360842","display_name":"SQL/PSM","level":5,"score":0.41541290283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32243701815605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.2163677215576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.120547354221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.06781357526779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737159","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3737159","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737159","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3737159","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1421742111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2056","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412876971.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412876971.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890431379","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3034835156","https://openalex.org/W3093819145","https://openalex.org/W3156636935","https://openalex.org/W3170721718","https://openalex.org/W3175818566","https://openalex.org/W3199077625","https://openalex.org/W3214600982","https://openalex.org/W4389518608","https://openalex.org/W4389520779","https://openalex.org/W4389524197","https://openalex.org/W4391631290","https://openalex.org/W4396571402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387821011","https://openalex.org/W1980548249","https://openalex.org/W2184771611","https://openalex.org/W7869049","https://openalex.org/W4320802139","https://openalex.org/W1554917839","https://openalex.org/W2614112517","https://openalex.org/W953805165","https://openalex.org/W3142149542","https://openalex.org/W4386768611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"Text-to-SQL":[1],"methods":[2,18,152],"leverage":[3],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6],"(LLMs)":[7],"by":[8],"incorporating":[9],"feedback":[10],"from":[11],"the":[12,74,99,120,131],"database":[13,29,94],"management":[14],"system.":[15],"While":[16],"these":[17,60],"effectively":[19],"address":[20,59],"execution":[21,35],"errors":[22],"in":[23,55,125,142],"SQL":[24,69,91],"queries,":[25],"they":[26],"struggle":[27],"with":[28,77,93],"mismatches--errors":[30],"that":[31,147],"do":[32],"not":[33],"trigger":[34],"exceptions.":[36],"Database":[37],"mismatches":[38,44],"include":[39],"issues":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"condition":[43,121],"and":[45,71,83,89,139,145],"stricter":[46],"constraint":[47],"mismatches,":[48],"both":[49],"of":[50,101,133],"which":[51],"are":[52],"more":[53,107],"prevalent":[54],"real-world":[56,105,126],"scenarios.":[57,127],"To":[58],"challenges,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"a":[64,81,84,113],"tool-assisted":[65],"agent":[66,76],"framework":[67],"for":[68],"verification":[70],"refinement,":[72],"equipping":[73],"LLM-based":[75],"two":[78],"specialized":[79],"tools:":[80],"retriever":[82],"detector,":[85],"designed":[86],"to":[87,103,118],"diagnose":[88],"correct":[90],"queries":[92],"mismatches.":[95],"These":[96],"tools":[97],"enhance":[98],"capability":[100],"LLMs":[102],"handle":[104],"questions":[106],"effectively.":[108],"We":[109],"also":[110],"introduce":[111],"SpiderMismatch,":[112],"new":[114],"dataset":[115],"specifically":[116],"constructed":[117],"reflect":[119],"mismatch":[122],"problems":[123],"encountered":[124],"Empirical":[128],"studies":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"effectiveness":[132],"our":[134,148],"proposed":[135],"model":[136,149],"on":[137,153],"Spider":[138],"Spider-Realistic":[140],"datasets":[141],"few-shot":[143],"settings":[144],"confirm":[146],"outperforms":[150],"baseline":[151],"SpiderMismatch.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}