{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412826005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060","title":"Multi-level Mixture of Experts for Multimodal Entity Linking","display_name":"Multi-level Mixture of Experts for Multimodal Entity Linking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412826005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506606","display_name":"Zhiwei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060245641","display_name":"V\u00edctor Guti\u00e9rrez-Basulto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-5459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Guti\u00e9rrez-Basulto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-5459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007458161","display_name":"Zhiliang Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiliang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-7289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697664","display_name":"Ru Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-5553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-5553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066422711","display_name":"Jeff Z. Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-2088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Z. Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-2088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"979","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6785928010940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4018372595310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39054009318351746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785928010940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4018372595310211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39054009318351746}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:178724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1757689598","https://openalex.org/W2003513631","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2590203464","https://openalex.org/W2788635322","https://openalex.org/W2798832674","https://openalex.org/W2839174743","https://openalex.org/W2884737305","https://openalex.org/W2897182555","https://openalex.org/W2897725449","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2945630111","https://openalex.org/W2949694638","https://openalex.org/W2963691861","https://openalex.org/W2970986510","https://openalex.org/W2980646235","https://openalex.org/W3016001968","https://openalex.org/W3031789399","https://openalex.org/W3089439236","https://openalex.org/W3091432621","https://openalex.org/W3104748221","https://openalex.org/W3126792443","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3136215575","https://openalex.org/W3141830881","https://openalex.org/W3166396011","https://openalex.org/W3199011812","https://openalex.org/W3210438479","https://openalex.org/W3216854409","https://openalex.org/W4284686800","https://openalex.org/W4285070129","https://openalex.org/W4286980609","https://openalex.org/W4288112129","https://openalex.org/W4312784228","https://openalex.org/W4353115071","https://openalex.org/W4365802888","https://openalex.org/W4381827097","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385567711","https://openalex.org/W4385573662","https://openalex.org/W4393160894","https://openalex.org/W4399410004","https://openalex.org/W4402670425","https://openalex.org/W4402670799","https://openalex.org/W4403780651","https://openalex.org/W4412888605","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748915157","https://openalex.org/W6752795476","https://openalex.org/W6753081690","https://openalex.org/W6755302180","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6776066102","https://openalex.org/W6840812188","https://openalex.org/W6853777272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0],"Entity":[1],"Linking":[2],"(MEL)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,12,22,30,78,118,143,173,199],"link":[6],"ambiguous":[7],"mentions":[8,151],"within":[9],"multimodal":[10,17,25,135,140],"contexts":[11],"associated":[13],"entities":[14],"in":[15,66],"a":[16,95,126,167],"knowledge":[18],"base.":[19],"Existing":[20],"approaches":[21],"MEL":[23],"introduce":[24],"interaction":[26],"and":[27,35,61,146,152,160,175,189],"fusion":[28],"mechanisms":[29],"bridge":[31],"the":[32,52,59,67,81,109,120,129,134,155,193,200],"modality":[33],"gap":[34],"enable":[36],"multi-grained":[37],"semantic":[38,55],"matching.":[39],"However,":[40],"they":[41],"do":[42],"not":[43],"address":[44],"two":[45],"important":[46],"problems:":[47],"(i)":[48,108],"mention":[49,111],"ambiguity,":[50],"i.e.,":[51,77],"lack":[53],"of":[54,63,74,83,86,98,158,163,170,182,196],"content":[56],"caused":[57],"by":[58],"brevity":[60],"omission":[62],"key":[64],"information":[65],"mention's":[68,130],"textual":[69,131,145],"context;":[70,132],"(ii)":[71,133],"dynamic":[72],"selection":[73],"modal":[75,87],"content,":[76],"dynamically":[79,174],"distinguish":[80],"importance":[82],"different":[84],"parts":[85],"information.":[88,183],"To":[89],"mitigate":[90],"these":[91],"issues,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"Multi-level":[96],"Mixture":[97],"Experts":[99],"(MMoE)":[100],"model":[101],"for":[102,149],"MEL.":[103],"MMoE":[104,197],"has":[105],"four":[106],"components:":[107],"description-aware":[110],"enhancement":[112],"module":[113,138],"leverages":[114],"large":[115],"language":[116],"models":[117],"identify":[119],"WikiData":[121],"descriptions":[122],"that":[123],"best":[124],"match":[125],"mention,":[127],"considering":[128],"feature":[136,141],"extraction":[137],"adopts":[139],"encoders":[142],"obtain":[144],"visual":[147],"embeddings":[148],"both":[150],"entities;":[153],"(iii)-(iv)":[154],"intra-level":[156],"mixture":[157,162,169],"experts":[159,164,171],"inter-level":[161],"modules":[165],"apply":[166],"switch":[168],"mechanism":[172],"adaptively":[176],"select":[177],"features":[178],"from":[179],"relevant":[180],"regions":[181],"Extensive":[184],"experiments":[185],"on":[186],"WikiMEL,":[187],"RichpediaMEL":[188],"WikiDiverse":[190],"datasets":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"outstanding":[194],"performance":[195],"compared":[198],"state-of-the-art.":[201],"MMoE's":[202],"code":[203],"is":[204],"available":[205],"at:":[206],"https://github.com/zhiweihu1103/MEL-MMoE.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
