{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412875529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736552","title":"Foundation Models for Spatio-Temporal Data Science: A Tutorial and Survey","display_name":"Foundation Models for Spatio-Temporal Data Science: A Tutorial and Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412875529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3736552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736552","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3736552","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3736552","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018828723","display_name":"Yuxuan Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-7337"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-7337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018234604","display_name":"Haomin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-126X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-126X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041728402","display_name":"Yutong Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-0049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101811842","display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-4811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-4811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072309548","display_name":"Bin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1658-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090893421","display_name":"Flora D. Salim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-1664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flora Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-1664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048346353","display_name":"Qingsong Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-2524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Squirrel Ai Learning, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-2524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Squirrel Ai Learning, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008056593","display_name":"Shirui Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045198704","display_name":"Gao Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-6373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018828723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98988059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6063","last_page":"6073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6509818434715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.6043619513511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5005106925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33871424198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1107182502746582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6509818434715271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.6043619513511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5005106925964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33871424198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1107182502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3736552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736552","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3736552","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3736552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3736552","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3711896.3736552","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412875529.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412875529.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808535700","https://openalex.org/W2903871660","https://openalex.org/W3209318543","https://openalex.org/W4213445996","https://openalex.org/W4225341287","https://openalex.org/W4281810057","https://openalex.org/W4283315029","https://openalex.org/W4306803525","https://openalex.org/W4308245893","https://openalex.org/W4309651348","https://openalex.org/W4312761939","https://openalex.org/W4312899164","https://openalex.org/W4318907322","https://openalex.org/W4378473988","https://openalex.org/W4378715581","https://openalex.org/W4385565192","https://openalex.org/W4386997414","https://openalex.org/W4387097003","https://openalex.org/W4387323718","https://openalex.org/W4387724058","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4388936714","https://openalex.org/W4389325583","https://openalex.org/W4389664922","https://openalex.org/W4389785739","https://openalex.org/W4390100390","https://openalex.org/W4390100481","https://openalex.org/W4391557990","https://openalex.org/W4391768478","https://openalex.org/W4391987728","https://openalex.org/W4392121126","https://openalex.org/W4392798406","https://openalex.org/W4393146602","https://openalex.org/W4393154152","https://openalex.org/W4393177791","https://openalex.org/W4395065715","https://openalex.org/W4396735245","https://openalex.org/W4396758709","https://openalex.org/W4399273078","https://openalex.org/W4399699516","https://openalex.org/W4399730268","https://openalex.org/W4400880443","https://openalex.org/W4401023459","https://openalex.org/W4401065398","https://openalex.org/W4401416408","https://openalex.org/W4401857333","https://openalex.org/W4401857444","https://openalex.org/W4401857648","https://openalex.org/W4401863317","https://openalex.org/W4401863429","https://openalex.org/W4401863560","https://openalex.org/W4401863589","https://openalex.org/W4401863702","https://openalex.org/W4402286476","https://openalex.org/W4402467765","https://openalex.org/W4402684073","https://openalex.org/W4402901320","https://openalex.org/W4402904107","https://openalex.org/W4403582738","https://openalex.org/W4403674693","https://openalex.org/W4403724173","https://openalex.org/W4403791570","https://openalex.org/W4404210607","https://openalex.org/W4404317240","https://openalex.org/W4404611683","https://openalex.org/W4404782448","https://openalex.org/W4404782864","https://openalex.org/W4404916633","https://openalex.org/W4406087634","https://openalex.org/W4407953581","https://openalex.org/W4409158145","https://openalex.org/W4409364177","https://openalex.org/W4409365291","https://openalex.org/W6600062020","https://openalex.org/W6600129504","https://openalex.org/W6600175564","https://openalex.org/W6600213211","https://openalex.org/W6601273100","https://openalex.org/W6871864282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2358060160","https://openalex.org/W2035483685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatio-Temporal":[0,80],"(ST)":[1],"data":[2,11,48,103,107,130],"science,":[3,29,104],"which":[4],"includes":[5],"sensing,":[6,108],"managing,":[7],"and":[8,14,30,55,87,117,147],"mining":[9],"large-scale":[10],"across":[12,89],"space":[13],"time,":[15],"is":[16],"fundamental":[17],"to":[18,84,110,137,152],"understanding":[19],"complex":[20],"systems":[21],"in":[22,43],"domains":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"urban":[26],"computing,":[27],"climate":[28],"intelligent":[31],"transportation.":[32],"Traditional":[33],"deep":[34],"learning":[35],"approaches":[36],"have":[37,74],"significantly":[38],"advanced":[39],"this":[40],"field,":[41],"particularly":[42],"the":[44,63,77,98],"stage":[45],"of":[46,65,79,101,126,142],"ST":[47,91,102,129,154],"mining.":[49],"However,":[50],"these":[51],"models":[52],"remain":[53],"task-specific":[54],"often":[56],"require":[57],"extensive":[58],"labeled":[59],"data.":[60],"Inspired":[61],"by":[62],"success":[64],"Foundation":[66,81],"Models":[67,82],"(FM),":[68],"especially":[69],"large":[70],"language":[71],"models,":[72],"researchers":[73],"begun":[75],"exploring":[76],"concept":[78],"(STFMs)":[83],"enhance":[85],"adaptability":[86],"generalization":[88],"diverse":[90],"tasks.":[92],"Unlike":[93],"prior":[94],"architectures,":[95],"STFMs":[96,127],"empower":[97],"entire":[99],"workflow":[100],"ranging":[105],"from":[106],"management,":[109],"mining,":[111],"thereby":[112],"offering":[113],"a":[114,123,139],"more":[115],"holistic":[116],"scalable":[118],"approach.":[119],"Despite":[120],"rapid":[121],"progress,":[122],"systematic":[124],"study":[125],"for":[128],"science":[131],"remains":[132],"lacking.":[133],"This":[134],"survey":[135],"aims":[136],"provide":[138],"comprehensive":[140],"review":[141],"STFMs,":[143],"categorizing":[144],"existing":[145],"methodologies":[146],"identifying":[148],"key":[149],"research":[150],"directions":[151],"advance":[153],"general":[155],"intelligence.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
