{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406213719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711858","title":"C2lRec: Causal Contrastive Learning for User Cold-start Recommendation with Social Variables","display_name":"C2lRec: Causal Contrastive Learning for User Cold-start Recommendation with Social Variables","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406213719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007818509","display_name":"Xiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-9803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103324819","display_name":"Hongsheng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2664-9580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongsheng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2664-9580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003553958","display_name":"Haolong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-8829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haolong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-8829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016446416","display_name":"Xiyuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-6986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-6986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673955","display_name":"Xiaoyong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-5978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-5978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101916404","display_name":"Xiaoyu Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-3217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076120553","display_name":"Xuyun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-4159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuyun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","School of Computing, Macquarie University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-4159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006514077","display_name":"Lianyong Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-9856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianyong Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","Faculty of Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-9856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038791483","display_name":"Wanchun Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanchun Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-2023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":56.1204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99878842,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-start","display_name":"Cold start (automotive)","score":0.7203943729400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5014536380767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47251424193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4354419708251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16924399137496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11195674538612366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778956030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5142477","display_name":"Cold start (automotive)","level":2,"score":0.7203943729400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5014536380767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47251424193382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4354419708251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16924399137496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11195674538612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2090426467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267104, 62372242, 42275170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2266259690","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671549561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20232032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8449891818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625076204","https://openalex.org/W1971498918","https://openalex.org/W2008527839","https://openalex.org/W2069065514","https://openalex.org/W2122124659","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2596121091","https://openalex.org/W2754493004","https://openalex.org/W2792159272","https://openalex.org/W2805720864","https://openalex.org/W2913077324","https://openalex.org/W2914576582","https://openalex.org/W2914695977","https://openalex.org/W2914761779","https://openalex.org/W3014901735","https://openalex.org/W3092103025","https://openalex.org/W3097300053","https://openalex.org/W3105441222","https://openalex.org/W3135588948","https://openalex.org/W3201053014","https://openalex.org/W3207757380","https://openalex.org/W4206313250","https://openalex.org/W4206655182","https://openalex.org/W4214540501","https://openalex.org/W4224307896","https://openalex.org/W4224903788","https://openalex.org/W4226302127","https://openalex.org/W4233740036","https://openalex.org/W4251166437","https://openalex.org/W4254065450","https://openalex.org/W4293575038","https://openalex.org/W4294031701","https://openalex.org/W4297794619","https://openalex.org/W4300544634","https://openalex.org/W4311001906","https://openalex.org/W4311692299","https://openalex.org/W4365393081","https://openalex.org/W4365799940","https://openalex.org/W4367319708","https://openalex.org/W4380091476","https://openalex.org/W4384887346","https://openalex.org/W4387841511","https://openalex.org/W4390490824","https://openalex.org/W4392366624","https://openalex.org/W4396220739","https://openalex.org/W4396758529","https://openalex.org/W4400530533","https://openalex.org/W6678276431","https://openalex.org/W6785482172","https://openalex.org/W6987837838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2529147798","https://openalex.org/W1979350723","https://openalex.org/W2528269032","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedding-based":[0],"recommender":[1],"systems":[2],"rely":[3],"on":[4,33,106,193],"historical":[5,96,121,155],"interactions":[6,104,119,156],"to":[7,15,29,40,63,115,151,167,183],"model":[8,86],"users,":[9,17],"which":[10],"poses":[11],"challenges":[12],"for":[13],"recommending":[14],"new":[16],"known":[18],"as":[19,131,171],"the":[20,34,42,71,76,87,93,138,145,153,185,199],"user":[21,67,103],"cold-start":[22,38,149,158,188],"problem.":[23],"Some":[24],"approaches":[25],"incorporate":[26],"social":[27,35,60,146],"networks":[28],"deduce":[30],"preferences":[31,91,170],"based":[32,105],"circles":[36],"of":[37,44,89,98,123,148,157,187,202,206],"users":[39,100,125,143,150,159],"solve":[41],"problem":[43],"sparse":[45],"features.":[46],"However,":[47],"such":[48,107],"methods":[49],"have":[50],"difficulty":[51],"distinguishing":[52],"between":[53],"superficial":[54],"correlations":[55],"and":[56,95,101,117,160],"causal":[57,133,140,164,180],"relationships":[58],"in":[59,65],"behaviors,":[61],"leading":[62],"inaccuracies":[64],"predicting":[66],"preferences.":[68,108],"To":[69],"address":[70],"aforementioned":[72],"issues,":[73],"we":[74,84,136,172,178],"propose":[75],"Causal":[77],"Contrastive":[78],"Learning":[79],"Recommendation":[80],"(C2lRec)":[81],"framework.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"causally":[85],"inference":[88,111],"hidden":[90,169],"from":[92,120,142],"feature":[94],"behavior":[97],"warm":[99,124,175],"predict":[102],"The":[109],"counterfactual":[110],"is":[112],"subsequently":[113],"performed":[114],"intervene":[116],"extract":[118],"behaviors":[122],"that":[126,198,205],"influence":[127],"their":[128],"preferences,":[129],"designating":[130],"primary":[132,139],"variables.":[134],"Additionally,":[135],"utilize":[137],"variables":[141],"within":[144],"circle":[147],"substitute":[152],"missing":[154],"employ":[161],"a":[162],"similar":[163],"modeling":[165],"approach":[166],"uncover":[168],"do":[173],"with":[174],"users.":[176,189],"Finally,":[177],"realize":[179],"contrastive":[181],"learning":[182],"enhance":[184],"distribution":[186],"Extensive":[190],"experiments":[191],"conducted":[192],"three":[194],"public":[195],"datasets":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"recommendation":[200],"performance":[201],"C2lRec":[203],"exceeds":[204],"state-of-the-art":[207],"methods.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-01-10T00:00:00"}