{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406233212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841","title":"Purpose Mode: Reducing Distraction Through Toggling Attention Capture Damaging Patterns on Social Media Websites","display_name":"Purpose Mode: Reducing Distraction Through Toggling Attention Capture Damaging Patterns on Social Media Websites","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406233212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062891440","display_name":"Hao-Ping Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-1034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Ping Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-1034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058700180","display_name":"Yi-Shyuan Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Shyuan Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-1135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053248246","display_name":"Lan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-5172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110766397","display_name":"S.Q. Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7254-1400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042846158","display_name":"Philipp Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125930","display_name":"Ionic Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bax5p58","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amnesic Systems, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amnesic Systems, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006053551","display_name":"Sauvik Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-8054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sauvik Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-8054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.3049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99082388,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.9272257685661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7453169226646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5047799348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4951144754886627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.463001549243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3378300368785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.3284936547279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3222530782222748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.29627394676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.28904664516448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.17664217948913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16496670246124268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.9272257685661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7453169226646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5047799348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4951144754886627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.463001549243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3378300368785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3284936547279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3222530782222748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29627394676208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.28904664516448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17664217948913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16496670246124268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S89276529","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","issn_l":"1073-0516","issn":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961525947","https://openalex.org/W1982984133","https://openalex.org/W2022667221","https://openalex.org/W2089034256","https://openalex.org/W2090136016","https://openalex.org/W2114622211","https://openalex.org/W2165149861","https://openalex.org/W2402448694","https://openalex.org/W2406393172","https://openalex.org/W2727254102","https://openalex.org/W2740142890","https://openalex.org/W2768343520","https://openalex.org/W2783539613","https://openalex.org/W2791382412","https://openalex.org/W2793639476","https://openalex.org/W2888181683","https://openalex.org/W2899035333","https://openalex.org/W2899765975","https://openalex.org/W2914783728","https://openalex.org/W2925797295","https://openalex.org/W2941088780","https://openalex.org/W2941307055","https://openalex.org/W2941852039","https://openalex.org/W2942138835","https://openalex.org/W3000010701","https://openalex.org/W3022607203","https://openalex.org/W3028739380","https://openalex.org/W3135841761","https://openalex.org/W3194128846","https://openalex.org/W4224993585","https://openalex.org/W4225006922","https://openalex.org/W4225164728","https://openalex.org/W4235683296","https://openalex.org/W4251284059","https://openalex.org/W4253763531","https://openalex.org/W4281779609","https://openalex.org/W4282016644","https://openalex.org/W4288075917","https://openalex.org/W4288086187","https://openalex.org/W4288359830","https://openalex.org/W4315481927","https://openalex.org/W4323030128","https://openalex.org/W4366547483","https://openalex.org/W4366549916","https://openalex.org/W4366596321","https://openalex.org/W4386707934","https://openalex.org/W6601160403","https://openalex.org/W7134224534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1984342691","https://openalex.org/W2470048815","https://openalex.org/W2324884046","https://openalex.org/W641612223","https://openalex.org/W2028203774","https://openalex.org/W2174716869","https://openalex.org/W4205873045","https://openalex.org/W2080126316","https://openalex.org/W146094510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,72,190],"websites":[2],"thrive":[3],"on":[4,19],"user":[5],"engagement":[6],"by":[7],"employing":[8],"Attention":[9],"Capture":[10],"Damaging":[11],"Patterns":[12],"(ACDPs),":[13],"e.g.,":[14],"infinite":[15],"scroll,":[16],"that":[17,48,117,150,177],"prey":[18],"cognitive":[20],"vulnerabilities":[21],"to":[22,35,63,143,153,182],"distract":[23],"users.":[24],"Prior":[25],"work":[26],"has":[27],"taxonomized":[28],"these":[29,173],"ACDPs,":[30],"but":[31],"we":[32,88],"have":[33],"yet":[34],"measure":[36],"how":[37,46,65,75],"the":[38,82,86,98,104,114,133,137,164],"presence":[39],"of":[40,85,93,97,106,113,136,163],"ACDPs":[41,50,76,122],"impacts":[42],"perceived":[43],"distraction":[44],"nor":[45],"mechanisms":[47],"suppress":[49],"reduce":[51],"distraction.":[52],"We":[53,175],"conducted":[54],"a":[55,79,147],"two-week,":[56],"mixed-methods":[57],"field":[58],"study":[59],"with":[60,127],"29":[61],"participants":[62,139,194],"model":[64],"people":[66],"get":[67],"distracted":[68,111,160],"when":[69,128],"browsing":[70,99,172,191],"social":[71,189],"websites,":[73],"and":[74,103,116,120,166,192,198],"might":[77],"play":[78],"role.":[80],"In":[81,132],"first":[83],"week":[84,135],"study,":[87,138],"sample":[89],"participants\u2019":[90],"in-situ":[91],"perceptions":[92,96,119],"distraction,":[94],"subjective":[95,118],"session":[100],"(e.g.,":[101,123],"satisfaction),":[102],"presence/absence":[105],"ACDPs.":[107,156],"Participants":[108,157],"reported":[109,158],"feeling":[110,159],"28%":[112],"time,":[115],"some":[121],"notifications)":[124],"highly":[125],"correlated":[126],"they":[129],"felt":[130],"distracted.":[131],"second":[134],"were":[140],"given":[141],"access":[142],"Purpose":[144,178],"Mode":[145,179],"\u2014":[146],"browser":[148],"extension":[149],"allows":[151],"users":[152,181],"\u201ctoggle":[154],"off\u201d":[155],"only":[161],"7%":[162],"time":[165],"spent":[167],"21":[168],"fewer":[169],"daily":[170],"minutes":[171],"websites.":[174],"discovered":[176],"empowered":[180],"feel":[183,195],"more":[184],"in":[185],"control":[186],"over":[187],"their":[188],"made":[193],"less":[196],"irritated":[197],"frustrated.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}