{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410049584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990","title":"Harm in Layers: Compositions of Misinformative Hate in Anti-Asian Speech and Their Impacts on Perceived Harmfulness","display_name":"Harm in Layers: Compositions of Misinformative Hate in Anti-Asian Speech and Their Impacts on Perceived Harmfulness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410049584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3710990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038211988","display_name":"Jiawei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2312-4359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085250715","display_name":"Gaurav Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-9857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-9857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0101-7311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0101-7311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117419973","display_name":"Nicholas Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0655-3306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102962995","display_name":"Munmun De Choudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-264X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munmun De Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-264X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90395983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.8003555536270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hatred","display_name":"Hatred","score":0.7050349116325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6109325289726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blame","display_name":"Blame","score":0.5993704199790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.531328558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5305524468421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racism","display_name":"Racism","score":0.4340250492095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2408961057662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2157309651374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-studies","display_name":"Gender studies","score":0.11147379875183105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.8003555536270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780617971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160232","display_name":"Hatred","level":3,"score":0.7050349116325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6109325289726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.5993704199790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.531328558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5305524468421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.4340250492095947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2408961057662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2157309651374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.11147379875183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3710990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3710990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323817","display_name":"Universitas Brawijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01wk3d929"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543429635","https://openalex.org/W1936432414","https://openalex.org/W1994807272","https://openalex.org/W2076898331","https://openalex.org/W2140910804","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2143945406","https://openalex.org/W2151033168","https://openalex.org/W2155536805","https://openalex.org/W2158634337","https://openalex.org/W2292070666","https://openalex.org/W2295536740","https://openalex.org/W2341658878","https://openalex.org/W2588334501","https://openalex.org/W2600547097","https://openalex.org/W2618387115","https://openalex.org/W2774215862","https://openalex.org/W2777685863","https://openalex.org/W2791200426","https://openalex.org/W2810997908","https://openalex.org/W2889016530","https://openalex.org/W2918558179","https://openalex.org/W2941349974","https://openalex.org/W2943932610","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2954709811","https://openalex.org/W2963446316","https://openalex.org/W2964034671","https://openalex.org/W2966244612","https://openalex.org/W2989364584","https://openalex.org/W3021945393","https://openalex.org/W3024195212","https://openalex.org/W3029974735","https://openalex.org/W3031058620","https://openalex.org/W3097203256","https://openalex.org/W3110656837","https://openalex.org/W3111722173","https://openalex.org/W3114099346","https://openalex.org/W3125759795","https://openalex.org/W3158488293","https://openalex.org/W3160694721","https://openalex.org/W3163823280","https://openalex.org/W3173380736","https://openalex.org/W3173731808","https://openalex.org/W3191136298","https://openalex.org/W3196190653","https://openalex.org/W3211048962","https://openalex.org/W4206192262","https://openalex.org/W4214845962","https://openalex.org/W4220859284","https://openalex.org/W4225919440","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4280489099","https://openalex.org/W4283733223","https://openalex.org/W4313527760","https://openalex.org/W4318621026","https://openalex.org/W4366588626","https://openalex.org/W4386566447","https://openalex.org/W4387344829","https://openalex.org/W4389520320","https://openalex.org/W4402671530","https://openalex.org/W6787477959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W4388666321","https://openalex.org/W4205914924","https://openalex.org/W4225301003","https://openalex.org/W4388798880","https://openalex.org/W3160843552","https://openalex.org/W4229067106","https://openalex.org/W4362679249","https://openalex.org/W2047756825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"times":[1],"of":[2,85,195,212,227],"crisis,":[3],"heightened":[4],"anxiety":[5],"and":[6,14,24,39,51,70,94,114,122,136,222,229,241,244,248],"fear":[7],"create":[8],"fertile":[9],"ground":[10],"for":[11,23,127,237],"hate":[12,49,87,101,119,124,147,187,213,216],"speech":[13,88,217],"misinformation,":[15,163],"as":[16,72,74,171],"people":[17],"are":[18],"more":[19,96,148,173,198,239,246],"likely":[20,149,199],"to":[21,142,150,200,224],"fall":[22],"be":[25],"influenced":[26],"by":[27,111],"it.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"looks":[31],"into":[32],"the":[33,43,64,137,192,209,225,235],"interwoven":[34],"relationship":[35],"between":[36],"anti-Asian":[37,107],"hatred":[38],"COVID-19":[40,196],"misinformation":[41],"amid":[42],"pandemic.":[44],"By":[45],"analyzing":[46],"785,798":[47],"Asian":[48,65],"tweets":[50],"surveying":[52],"308":[53],"diverse":[54],"participants,":[55],"this":[56,206],"empirical":[57],"study":[58],"explores":[59],"how":[60],"hateful":[61,160],"content":[62],"portrays":[63],"community,":[66],"including":[67],"its":[68],"truthfulness":[69],"targets,":[71],"well":[73],"what":[75],"makes":[76],"such":[77],"portrayals":[78],"harmful.":[79],"We":[80,233],"observed":[81],"a":[82],"high":[83],"prevalence":[84],"misinformative":[86,118,146,215],"that":[89,106,159,218],"was":[90,109],"lengthier,":[91],"less":[92,178],"emotional,":[93],"expressed":[95],"motivational":[97],"drives":[98],"than":[99,152],"general":[100,123,153],"speech.":[102],"Overall,":[103],"we":[104],"found":[105],"rhetoric":[108],"characterized":[110],"an":[112],"antagonism":[113,121],"inferiority":[115],"framing,":[116],"with":[117,145,162,186],"underscoring":[120],"emphasizing":[125],"calls":[126],"action.":[128],"Among":[129],"all":[130],"entities":[131],"being":[132],"explicitly":[133],"criticized,":[134],"China":[135],"Chinese":[138],"were":[139,169,197],"constantly":[140],"named":[141],"assign":[143],"blame,":[144],"finger-point":[151],"hate.":[154],"Our":[155],"survey":[156],"results":[157],"indicated":[158],"messages":[161],"demographic":[164],"targeting,":[165],"or":[166,189],"divisive":[167],"references":[168],"perceived":[170,220],"significantly":[172],"damaging.":[174],"Individuals":[175],"who":[176],"placed":[177],"importance":[179],"on":[180],"free":[181],"speech,":[182,188],"had":[183],"personal":[184],"encounters":[185],"believed":[190],"in":[191],"natural":[193],"origin":[194],"perceive":[201],"higher":[202],"severity.":[203],"Taken":[204],"together,":[205],"work":[207],"highlights":[208],"distinct":[210],"compositions":[211],"within":[214],"influences":[219],"harmfulness":[221],"adds":[223],"complexity":[226],"defining":[228],"moderating":[230],"harmful":[231],"content.":[232],"discuss":[234],"implications":[236],"designing":[238],"context-":[240],"culture-sensitive":[242],"counter-strategies":[243],"building":[245],"adaptive":[247],"explainable":[249],"moderation":[250],"approaches.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}