{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410049574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710966","title":"<i>Equality Engine:</i> Fostering Critical Machine Learning Bias Literacy Through a Transformational Game","display_name":"<i>Equality Engine:</i> Fostering Critical Machine Learning Bias Literacy Through a Transformational Game","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410049574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3710966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070726213","display_name":"Dilruba Showkat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-5800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilruba Showkat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016168368","display_name":"Lingqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097605590","display_name":"Laveda Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-0290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laveda Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062258537","display_name":"Alexandra To","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7298-7607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra To","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070726213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94647285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"Transformational leadership","score":0.7500520944595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.4727785587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47245362401008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4615796208381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.4556853771209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-literacy","display_name":"Critical literacy","score":0.4297308325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4288429617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.2839696407318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.21413257718086243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.7500520944595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.4727785587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47245362401008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4615796208381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.4556853771209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200323278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186740","display_name":"Critical literacy","level":3,"score":0.4297308325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4288429617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2839696407318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.21413257718086243}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3710966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3710966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W967378438","https://openalex.org/W1495643041","https://openalex.org/W1969704197","https://openalex.org/W1992519180","https://openalex.org/W1993214795","https://openalex.org/W2017056626","https://openalex.org/W2024797259","https://openalex.org/W2076233124","https://openalex.org/W2140553307","https://openalex.org/W2166914751","https://openalex.org/W2169681803","https://openalex.org/W2295996570","https://openalex.org/W2296463440","https://openalex.org/W2318971084","https://openalex.org/W2790800646","https://openalex.org/W2806846836","https://openalex.org/W2887941812","https://openalex.org/W2897024105","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2915975654","https://openalex.org/W2953487715","https://openalex.org/W2956066828","https://openalex.org/W2964583491","https://openalex.org/W2966284335","https://openalex.org/W2971913636","https://openalex.org/W2981718944","https://openalex.org/W2991290418","https://openalex.org/W2995061858","https://openalex.org/W2997618083","https://openalex.org/W2997655715","https://openalex.org/W3008334666","https://openalex.org/W3010464583","https://openalex.org/W3021984857","https://openalex.org/W3022197017","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3033733989","https://openalex.org/W3035447285","https://openalex.org/W3037097818","https://openalex.org/W3040416015","https://openalex.org/W3093876711","https://openalex.org/W3112955976","https://openalex.org/W3126086457","https://openalex.org/W3133881605","https://openalex.org/W3135184438","https://openalex.org/W3135269562","https://openalex.org/W3138930548","https://openalex.org/W3144746416","https://openalex.org/W3154463802","https://openalex.org/W3159960173","https://openalex.org/W3181851623","https://openalex.org/W3191615150","https://openalex.org/W3205271445","https://openalex.org/W3213556453","https://openalex.org/W3215132798","https://openalex.org/W3215201135","https://openalex.org/W3216149234","https://openalex.org/W4212924738","https://openalex.org/W4212937970","https://openalex.org/W4225105518","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4248499910","https://openalex.org/W4255192054","https://openalex.org/W4284889950","https://openalex.org/W4288083801","https://openalex.org/W4289731485","https://openalex.org/W4293054725","https://openalex.org/W4293098159","https://openalex.org/W4297093142","https://openalex.org/W4321524264","https://openalex.org/W4323037237","https://openalex.org/W4323037783","https://openalex.org/W4366586161","https://openalex.org/W4367043537","https://openalex.org/W4385190571","https://openalex.org/W4386249234","https://openalex.org/W4390575558","https://openalex.org/W4409884288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005348150","https://openalex.org/W1482897979","https://openalex.org/W1980797115","https://openalex.org/W1653766567","https://openalex.org/W2079814127","https://openalex.org/W658648070","https://openalex.org/W615133973","https://openalex.org/W2474417079","https://openalex.org/W4300977288","https://openalex.org/W1719783816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"is":[3],"now":[4],"integrated":[5],"from":[6,82,141],"everyday":[7],"technologies":[8],"to":[9,41,79,114,157],"sophisticated":[10],"infrastructures,":[11],"providing":[12],"fast,":[13],"efficient,":[14],"and":[15,27,31,43,68,121,170,192],"scalable":[16],"decision-making":[17],"services,":[18],"with":[19,88],"increasing":[20],"evidence":[21],"of":[22,34,91,117,136,160],"ML":[23,35,66,92,99,176,189],"perpetuating":[24],"invisible":[25],"harms":[26],"biases.":[28],"The":[29,108],"hidden":[30],"socio-technical":[32],"nature":[33],"biases":[36,67,177],"can":[37,187],"make":[38],"them":[39],"difficult":[40],"detect":[42],"prevent":[44],"without":[45],"proper":[46],"literacy.":[47],"To":[48],"investigate":[49],"this,":[50],"we":[51],"developed":[52],"a":[53,73,89,195],"novel":[54],"online":[55],"multiplayer":[56],"board":[57],"game":[58,109,124,131,184],"Equality":[59],"Engine,":[60],"where":[61],"players":[62],"learn":[63],"about":[64],"various":[65],"debiasing":[69],"techniques.":[70],"We":[71,94],"conducted":[72],"mixed-method":[74],"formative":[75],"playtest":[76],"case":[77],"study":[78,155],"solicit":[80],"feedback":[81],"post-secondary":[83],"students":[84],"(N":[85],"=":[86],"12)":[87],"range":[90],"experience.":[93],"found":[95],"that":[96,186],"students'":[97],"self-reported":[98,138],"bias-debias":[100],"knowledge":[101,139],"improved":[102],"significantly":[103],"after":[104],"playing":[105],"the":[106,118,123,130,133,137,142,158],"game.":[107,143],"was":[110],"perceived":[111],"as":[112],"easy":[113],"use":[115,129],"because":[116,135],"social":[119],"interaction":[120],"immersion":[122],"enabled.":[125],"Students":[126],"would":[127],"also":[128,179],"in":[132],"future":[134,183],"gained":[140],"Although":[144],"these":[145],"positive":[146],"results":[147],"may":[148],"be":[149],"influenced":[150],"by":[151],"measurement":[152],"bias,":[153],"our":[154],"contributes":[156],"design":[159],"an":[161],"approachable":[162],"game,":[163],"which":[164],"not":[165],"only":[166],"facilitates":[167],"exposure,":[168],"collaboration,":[169],"opportunities":[171],"for":[172,182],"critical":[173],"reflection":[174],"on":[175],"but":[178],"provides":[180],"recommendations":[181],"designs":[185],"facilitate":[188],"ethics":[190],"discourse":[191],"literacy":[193],"among":[194],"broader":[196],"audience.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
