{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405505033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202","title":"Memory Checking Requires Logarithmic Overhead","display_name":"Memory Checking Requires Logarithmic Overhead","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405505033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3707202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079669889","display_name":"Elette Boyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0360-8129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093787","display_name":"Herzliya Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6hsp80","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093787"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elette Boyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel and NTT Research Inc, Sunnyvale, United States","NTT Research Inc,  Sunnyvale, United States","Reichman University,  Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0360-8129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel and NTT Research Inc, Sunnyvale, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Research Inc,  Sunnyvale, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reichman University,  Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032483797","display_name":"Ilan Komargodski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-2112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilan Komargodski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel and NTT Research Inc, Sunnyvale, United States","NTT Research Inc,  Sunnyvale, United States","Hebrew University of Jerusalem,  Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-2112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel and NTT Research Inc, Sunnyvale, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT Research Inc,  Sunnyvale, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem,  Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009532062","display_name":"Neekon Vafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-4200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neekon Vafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, United States","MIT,  Cambridge, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-4200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT,  Cambridge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17059513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7320515513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6293420195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.6214357018470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.45660996437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3516464829444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.35042813420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3352428674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.25924813747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21167466044425964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7320515513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6293420195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.6214357018470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.45660996437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3516464829444885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.35042813420295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3352428674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25924813747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21167466044425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3707202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3707202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3707202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4319323250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR00112020023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G453140244","display_name":"Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: Theoretical Foundations of Block Ciphers","funder_award_id":"2154149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937748300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2154149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G539115378","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"2141064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548880861","https://openalex.org/W1558278838","https://openalex.org/W1574603618","https://openalex.org/W1575640061","https://openalex.org/W1651597767","https://openalex.org/W1963524245","https://openalex.org/W1972792640","https://openalex.org/W1988374166","https://openalex.org/W1994135885","https://openalex.org/W2005756274","https://openalex.org/W2015880590","https://openalex.org/W2038704326","https://openalex.org/W2051019379","https://openalex.org/W2052971399","https://openalex.org/W2072058615","https://openalex.org/W2074594718","https://openalex.org/W2076623138","https://openalex.org/W2079493184","https://openalex.org/W2102881299","https://openalex.org/W2117362057","https://openalex.org/W2150782623","https://openalex.org/W2151748484","https://openalex.org/W2220842785","https://openalex.org/W2293128137","https://openalex.org/W2796933658","https://openalex.org/W2809996417","https://openalex.org/W2883585522","https://openalex.org/W2902751186","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2954625838","https://openalex.org/W2969207949","https://openalex.org/W3015343560","https://openalex.org/W3095329330","https://openalex.org/W3192610252","https://openalex.org/W3192802957","https://openalex.org/W3202558991","https://openalex.org/W3209623239","https://openalex.org/W4285234987","https://openalex.org/W4306179313","https://openalex.org/W4385654255","https://openalex.org/W4388858827","https://openalex.org/W4389027736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046736294","https://openalex.org/W4401442391","https://openalex.org/W2980815195","https://openalex.org/W48199998","https://openalex.org/W1519526186","https://openalex.org/W2260200182","https://openalex.org/W4293584968","https://openalex.org/W2384758770","https://openalex.org/W2032964960","https://openalex.org/W2532990976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,274,361],"study":[1],"the":[2,12,65,73,94,97,101,105,140,174,194,277,283,296,318,387],"complexity":[3,89,120,195,210,285,289,332],"of":[4,91,96,103,157,177,196,266,326,359],"memory":[5,46,106,142,161,197,350],"checkers":[6,198],"with":[7,84,204,253],"computational":[8,131,254],"security":[9,132],"and":[10,31,42,50,67,100,125,147,159,179,208,259,287,302],"prove":[11],"first":[13,20,319],"general":[14],"tight":[15,297],"lower":[16,270,278,320,369],"bound.":[17],"Memory":[18],"checkers,":[19,162],"introduced":[21],"over":[22],"30":[23],"years":[24],"ago":[25],"by":[26,53,199,386],"Blum,":[27],"Evans,":[28],"Gemmel,":[29],"Kannan,":[30],"Naor":[32],"(FOCS":[33],"\u201991,":[34],"Algorithmica":[35],"\u201994),":[36],"allow":[37],"a":[38,44,48,77,130,154,184,224,329,338,344],"user":[39,60],"to":[40,64,129,168,250,280,347,355],"store":[41],"maintain":[43],"large":[45],"on":[47],"remote":[49],"unreliable":[51],"server":[52,66],"using":[54],"small":[55,175],"trusted":[56],"local":[57,98,126,205],"storage.":[58],"The":[59,87,113,247],"can":[61,352],"issue":[62],"instructions":[63],"after":[68],"every":[69,110],"instruction,":[70],"obtain":[71],"either":[72],"correct":[74],"value":[75],"or":[76],"failure":[78],"(but":[79],"not":[80],"an":[81],"incorrect":[82],"answer)":[83],"high":[85],"probability.":[86],"main":[88],"measure":[90],"interest":[92],"is":[93,139,165,317,336],"size":[95],"storage":[99],"number":[102],"queries":[104],"checker":[107,351],"makes":[108],"upon":[109],"logical":[111,141],"instruction.":[112],"most":[114],"efficient":[115],"known":[116],"construction":[117,164,203],"has":[118,182],"query":[119,209,331],"\\(O(\\log":[121],"n/\\log":[122,231],"\\log":[123,232],"n)\\)":[124,233],"space":[127,206],"proportional":[128],"parameter,":[133],"assuming":[134,237],"one-way":[135],"functions,":[136],"where":[137,282],"n":[138,263],"size.":[143],"Dwork,":[144],"Naor,":[145],"Rothblum,":[146],"Vaikuntanathan":[148],"(TCC":[149],"\u201909)":[150],"showed":[151],"that":[152,201,227,238,299,343],"for":[153,242,306,322,368,371],"restricted":[155],"class":[156,176,325],"\u201cdeterministic":[158],"non-adaptive\u201d":[160],"this":[163,189],"optimal,":[166],"up":[167],"constant":[169],"factors.":[170],"However,":[171,376],"going":[172],"beyond":[173],"deterministic":[178],"non-adaptive":[180],"constructions":[181],"remained":[183],"major":[185],"open":[186],"problem.":[187],"In":[188],"work,":[190],"we":[191,294],"fully":[192],"resolve":[193],"showing":[200,328,342],"any":[202,235,251,323],"p":[207,215],"q":[211],"must":[212],"satisfy":[213],"\\(\\begin{equation*}":[214],"\\ge":[216],"\\frac{n}{(\\log":[217],"n)^{O(q)}}":[218],"\\;.":[219],"\\end{equation*}\\)":[220],"This":[221,316],"implies,":[222],"as":[223],"special":[225],"case,":[226],"\\(q\\ge":[228],"\\Omega":[229],"(\\log":[230],"in":[234,262],"scheme,":[236],"\\(p\\le":[239,303],"n^{1-\\varepsilon":[240,304],"}\\)":[241,305],"\\(\\varepsilon":[243,307],"\\gt":[244,308],"0\\)":[245,309],".":[246,315],"bound":[248,271,279,298],"applies":[249],"scheme":[252],"security,":[255],"completeness":[256],"\\(2/3\\)":[257],",":[258,310],"inverse":[260],"polynomial":[261],"soundness":[264],"(all":[265],"which":[267],"make":[268],"our":[269,377],"only":[272],"stronger).":[273],"further":[275],"extend":[276],"schemes":[281],"read":[284],"\\(q_r\\)":[286],"write":[288],"\\(q_w\\)":[290],"differ.":[291],"For":[292],"instance,":[293],"show":[295],"if":[300],"\\(q_r=O(1)\\)":[301],"then":[311],"\\(q_w\\ge":[312],"n^{\\Omega":[313],"(1)}\\)":[314],"bound,":[321],"non-trivial":[324],"constructions,":[327],"read-write":[330],"trade-off.":[333],"Our":[334],"proof":[335,378],"via":[337],"delicate":[339],"compression":[340],"argument":[341],"\u201ctoo":[345],"good":[346],"be":[348,353],"true\u201d":[349],"used":[354],"compress":[356],"random":[357],"bits":[358],"information.":[360],"draw":[362],"inspiration":[363],"from":[364,382],"tools":[365],"recently":[366],"developed":[367],"bounds":[370],"relaxed":[372],"locally":[373],"decodable":[374],"codes.":[375],"itself":[379],"significantly":[380],"departs":[381],"these":[383],"works,":[384],"necessitated":[385],"differences":[388],"between":[389],"settings.":[390]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
