{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409736328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671","title":"Small, Medium, Large? A Meta-Study of Effect Sizes at CHI to Aid Interpretation of Effect Sizes and Power Calculation","display_name":"Small, Medium, Large? A Meta-Study of Effect Sizes at CHI to Aid Interpretation of Effect Sizes and Power Calculation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409736328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021324454","display_name":"Anna-Marie Ortloff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna-Marie Ortloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-178X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005925297","display_name":"Florin Martius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8483-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florin Martius","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8483-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085619712","display_name":"Mischa Meier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-5290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166245","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nn0gw40","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mischa Meier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FKIE, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-5290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FKIE, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117279123","display_name":"Theo Raimbault","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theo Raimbault","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7062-4067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092512465","display_name":"Lisa Geierhaas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Geierhaas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5844-559X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000498964","display_name":"Matthew Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-1379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166245","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nn0gw40","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166245","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany and Fraunhofer FKIE, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-1379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany and Fraunhofer FKIE, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700","https://openalex.org/I4210166245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.3976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99138475,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.6830334663391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5528358221054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.441888689994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4194507896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2259177267551422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.12605750560760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.0971742570400238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6830334663391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5528358221054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.441888689994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4194507896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2259177267551422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.12605750560760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0971742570400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/512074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/512074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79244138","https://openalex.org/W578092267","https://openalex.org/W612372977","https://openalex.org/W1119960297","https://openalex.org/W1529485074","https://openalex.org/W1767553509","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1910875068","https://openalex.org/W1975507628","https://openalex.org/W1976163365","https://openalex.org/W1984663402","https://openalex.org/W1988930537","https://openalex.org/W1993973128","https://openalex.org/W1996349741","https://openalex.org/W1998410565","https://openalex.org/W2021976328","https://openalex.org/W2032688037","https://openalex.org/W2047703060","https://openalex.org/W2055566656","https://openalex.org/W2055799281","https://openalex.org/W2067502478","https://openalex.org/W2075740936","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2094667953","https://openalex.org/W2108656311","https://openalex.org/W2108924730","https://openalex.org/W2124812340","https://openalex.org/W2127143236","https://openalex.org/W2133084664","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2140984588","https://openalex.org/W2142960568","https://openalex.org/W2144981148","https://openalex.org/W2145387182","https://openalex.org/W2148540129","https://openalex.org/W2150215887","https://openalex.org/W2269553296","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2345474448","https://openalex.org/W2345712198","https://openalex.org/W2396575601","https://openalex.org/W2396716646","https://openalex.org/W2400269077","https://openalex.org/W2404411786","https://openalex.org/W2407300725","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2604659547","https://openalex.org/W2610780629","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2783948250","https://openalex.org/W2793021873","https://openalex.org/W2796454083","https://openalex.org/W2797811632","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2915407524","https://openalex.org/W2922853138","https://openalex.org/W2927052147","https://openalex.org/W2937326640","https://openalex.org/W2940406222","https://openalex.org/W2940996955","https://openalex.org/W2941462166","https://openalex.org/W2941766203","https://openalex.org/W2943497741","https://openalex.org/W2962851501","https://openalex.org/W2963235774","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2972668795","https://openalex.org/W2982550137","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2990372444","https://openalex.org/W2990427812","https://openalex.org/W3000122771","https://openalex.org/W3003514020","https://openalex.org/W3011762034","https://openalex.org/W3028835272","https://openalex.org/W3028887338","https://openalex.org/W3031020798","https://openalex.org/W3031170804","https://openalex.org/W3031837562","https://openalex.org/W3034830866","https://openalex.org/W3082857103","https://openalex.org/W3085139254","https://openalex.org/W3087822568","https://openalex.org/W3095440346","https://openalex.org/W3122578499","https://openalex.org/W3125052208","https://openalex.org/W3127740886","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3138585281","https://openalex.org/W3160638507","https://openalex.org/W3161776805","https://openalex.org/W3162001688","https://openalex.org/W3162444992","https://openalex.org/W3162971299","https://openalex.org/W3163332892","https://openalex.org/W3164054829","https://openalex.org/W4220832516","https://openalex.org/W4223909753","https://openalex.org/W4224987358","https://openalex.org/W4224999635","https://openalex.org/W4226185774","https://openalex.org/W4226236673","https://openalex.org/W4244587569","https://openalex.org/W4255783720","https://openalex.org/W4292663675","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4317941950","https://openalex.org/W4319165762","https://openalex.org/W4320342928","https://openalex.org/W4321012052","https://openalex.org/W4321499901","https://openalex.org/W4321854080","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4323033785","https://openalex.org/W4323570570","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4327666265","https://openalex.org/W4366547485","https://openalex.org/W4366547634","https://openalex.org/W4366547905","https://openalex.org/W4366548004","https://openalex.org/W4366548417","https://openalex.org/W4366548952","https://openalex.org/W4366549291","https://openalex.org/W4366549460","https://openalex.org/W4366586247","https://openalex.org/W4366596229","https://openalex.org/W4366729216","https://openalex.org/W4383888921","https://openalex.org/W4385632485","https://openalex.org/W4385691145","https://openalex.org/W4386908049","https://openalex.org/W4391013393","https://openalex.org/W4391994222","https://openalex.org/W4392002118","https://openalex.org/W4392581042","https://openalex.org/W4396832250","https://openalex.org/W4396832709","https://openalex.org/W4396833115","https://openalex.org/W4399584149","https://openalex.org/W4400814499","https://openalex.org/W6967962621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Statistical":[0],"reporting,":[1],"especially":[2],"of":[3,10,27,45,83,123,132],"effect":[4,64,74,101,110,139],"sizes,":[5],"is":[6],"at":[7,17],"the":[8,43,46,49,104,160],"root":[9],"many":[11],"methodological":[12,151],"issues":[13],"in":[14,42,59,113],"quantitative":[15,84,92,125],"research":[16,50,68,116],"CHI.":[18],"Effect":[19],"sizes":[20,65,75,102],"are":[21,37,52],"necessary":[22],"for":[23,76,159],"assessing":[24],"practical":[25],"relevance":[26],"results,":[28],"a-priori":[29],"power":[30,77],"analysis,":[31,78],"and":[32,48,61,103,157],"meta-analyses,":[33],"but":[34],"currently,":[35],"they":[36],"often":[38],"not":[39],"reported.":[40],"Interpretations":[41],"context":[44],"study":[47],"field":[51,69],"also":[53],"rare.":[54],"To":[55],"aid":[56],"to":[57],"researchers":[58,135],"reporting":[60],"contextualizing":[62],"their":[63,67],"within":[66],"as":[70,72],"well":[71],"choosing":[73],"we":[79,108,128],"conducted":[80],"a":[81,148],"meta-study":[82],"CHI":[85,93,115],"papers.":[86],"We":[87],"extracted":[88],"statistics":[89],"from":[90],"all":[91],"papers":[94],"published":[95],"between":[96],"2019-2023":[97],"(N=1692).":[98],"Based":[99],"on":[100],"papers'":[105],"CCS":[106],"categories,":[107],"present":[109],"size":[111,145],"distributions":[112],"12":[114],"fields.":[117],"Through":[118],"an":[119],"additional":[120],"qualitative":[121],"analysis":[122],"67":[124],"CHI'23":[126],"publications,":[127],"identify":[129],"five":[130],"categories":[131],"approaches":[133],"that":[134],"take":[136],"when":[137],"interpreting":[138,158],"size:":[140],"Comparing":[141],"test-specific":[142],"values,":[143],"assigning":[144],"labels,":[146],"using":[147],"statistical":[149],"or":[150],"reference":[152],"frame,":[153],"comparing":[154],"different":[155],"observations":[156],"big":[161],"picture.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T07:52:08.696243","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}