{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409749528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234","title":"\"React\", \"Command\", or \"Instruct\"? Teachers Mental Models on End-User Development","display_name":"\"React\", \"Command\", or \"Instruct\"? Teachers Mental Models on End-User Development","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409749528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007133299","display_name":"Margherita Andrao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margherita Andrao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104","https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078078318","display_name":"Federica Gini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-3747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Gini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104","https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074495513","display_name":"Francesco Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-7697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari Aldo Moro - Computer Science Department, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari Aldo Moro - Computer Science Department, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103051685","display_name":"Alessandro Cappelletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-3132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Cappelletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060772258","display_name":"Giuseppe Desolda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Desolda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bari Aldo Moro - Computer Science Department, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bari Aldo Moro - Computer Science Department, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014265720","display_name":"Barbara Treccani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-0708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Treccani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007138994","display_name":"Massimo Zancanaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-5703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Zancanaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, Italy and Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104","https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007133299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9301792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.65986168384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-model","display_name":"Mental model","score":0.6579293608665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5033559203147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user-development","display_name":"End-user development","score":0.4677218198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user","display_name":"End user","score":0.32948338985443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2635493874549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.23601549863815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.11362087726593018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.65986168384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982912361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851867","display_name":"Mental model","level":2,"score":0.6579293608665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5033559203147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500467","display_name":"End-user development","level":3,"score":0.4677218198776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.32948338985443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2635493874549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23601549863815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.11362087726593018}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/452894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/540920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11586/540920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706598.3713234","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481929509","https://openalex.org/W1564270675","https://openalex.org/W1566692431","https://openalex.org/W1783722518","https://openalex.org/W1966590372","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1996183265","https://openalex.org/W2004494442","https://openalex.org/W2032152873","https://openalex.org/W2040981305","https://openalex.org/W2062430768","https://openalex.org/W2068934437","https://openalex.org/W2074731714","https://openalex.org/W2082575251","https://openalex.org/W2084092936","https://openalex.org/W2084297718","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2086239403","https://openalex.org/W2099421759","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2101068863","https://openalex.org/W2105016726","https://openalex.org/W2132920211","https://openalex.org/W2156196376","https://openalex.org/W2157504474","https://openalex.org/W2180115676","https://openalex.org/W2285628531","https://openalex.org/W2321522602","https://openalex.org/W2399248522","https://openalex.org/W2412306367","https://openalex.org/W2493130222","https://openalex.org/W2605022320","https://openalex.org/W2608358627","https://openalex.org/W2610385267","https://openalex.org/W2613049552","https://openalex.org/W2613427272","https://openalex.org/W2623501418","https://openalex.org/W2718687603","https://openalex.org/W2752651292","https://openalex.org/W2767597671","https://openalex.org/W2780260198","https://openalex.org/W2890442276","https://openalex.org/W2899757839","https://openalex.org/W2900551880","https://openalex.org/W2905118237","https://openalex.org/W2908151518","https://openalex.org/W2912010641","https://openalex.org/W2912296668","https://openalex.org/W2942483256","https://openalex.org/W2951356022","https://openalex.org/W2955949749","https://openalex.org/W2964224021","https://openalex.org/W3040600470","https://openalex.org/W3110810273","https://openalex.org/W3123337938","https://openalex.org/W3137771896","https://openalex.org/W3177268509","https://openalex.org/W3189373506","https://openalex.org/W3193788778","https://openalex.org/W3212194258","https://openalex.org/W4200580022","https://openalex.org/W4205160018","https://openalex.org/W4234580964","https://openalex.org/W4239943223","https://openalex.org/W4250838412","https://openalex.org/W4251051282","https://openalex.org/W4281672305","https://openalex.org/W4281726079","https://openalex.org/W4378697587","https://openalex.org/W6907795463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070544977","https://openalex.org/W3021529370","https://openalex.org/W2580687408","https://openalex.org/W150630894","https://openalex.org/W2180115676","https://openalex.org/W4298880854","https://openalex.org/W4232733627","https://openalex.org/W1917354991","https://openalex.org/W4231035256","https://openalex.org/W2292047637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"findings":[3,121],"from":[4],"a":[5,28,80],"thinking-aloud":[6],"protocol":[7],"exploring":[8],"mental":[9],"models":[10],"in":[11,43,55,128,148],"28":[12],"elementary":[13],"school":[14],"math":[15],"teachers":[16,50,127],"during":[17],"their":[18,114],"initial":[19],"attempt":[20],"at":[21],"composing":[22],"and":[23,71,102],"testing":[24],"trigger-action":[25,118],"rules":[26],"for":[27,48,132],"smart":[29],"tangible":[30],"educational":[31],"device.":[32,94],"In":[33],"the":[34,60,69,93,98,104,109,117,123],"study,":[35],"two":[36,110],"sets":[37,112],"of":[38,59,77,106,116,125],"event-driven":[39],"primitives":[40],"were":[41],"implemented":[42],"an":[44,142],"End-User":[45,134],"Development":[46,135],"platform":[47],"guiding":[49,126],"with":[51,92],"no":[52],"programming":[53],"experience":[54],"defining":[56],"new":[57],"functions":[58],"device:":[61],"\"concrete\",":[62],"based":[63,73],"on":[64,68,74],"actual":[65],"actions":[66],"performed":[67],"device,":[70],"\"abstract\",":[72],"general":[75],"definitions":[76],"events/actions.":[78],"With":[79],"thematic":[81],"analysis,":[82],"we":[83],"identified":[84],"three":[85],"different":[86],"metaphors":[87,99,131],"that":[88],"drive":[89],"participants\u2019":[90],"interaction":[91],"We":[95],"discuss":[96],"how":[97,103],"influenced":[100],"performance":[101],"order":[105],"exposition":[107],"to":[108,137,140],"primitive":[111],"impacted":[113],"grasping":[115],"logic.":[119],"Our":[120],"suggest":[122],"importance":[124],"assuming":[129],"effective":[130],"performing":[133],"tasks,":[136],"empower":[138],"them":[139],"adopt":[141],"active":[143],"role":[144],"toward":[145],"digital":[146],"devices":[147],"education.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}