{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407841453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500","title":"Test Case-Informed Knowledge Tracing for Open-ended Coding Tasks","display_name":"Test Case-Informed Knowledge Tracing for Open-ended Coding Tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407841453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706468.3706500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073486017","display_name":"Zhangqi Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangqi Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7635-3352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073581485","display_name":"Nigel Fernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nigel Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-0208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063595336","display_name":"Alexander Hicks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-2633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hicks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-2633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063813962","display_name":"Andrew Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-6600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-6600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96277515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"238","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7312207221984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5964537858963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5770066380500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5485020279884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3641813397407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20834389328956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10712429881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09711727499961853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312207221984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5964537858963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5770066380500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5485020279884338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3641813397407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20834389328956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10712429881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09711727499961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706468.3706500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/124809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/124809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706468.3706500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706468.3706500","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593271688","https://openalex.org/W1655078475","https://openalex.org/W1959691478","https://openalex.org/W1977159884","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2016900109","https://openalex.org/W2023164354","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2106713455","https://openalex.org/W2117122404","https://openalex.org/W2162929365","https://openalex.org/W2246775628","https://openalex.org/W2552521015","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W2607167007","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2955931418","https://openalex.org/W2963206148","https://openalex.org/W2964150020","https://openalex.org/W2979368354","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3043869244","https://openalex.org/W3094091106","https://openalex.org/W3135677775","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4239653667","https://openalex.org/W4283705032","https://openalex.org/W4289258088","https://openalex.org/W4307561542","https://openalex.org/W4310895557","https://openalex.org/W4319587109","https://openalex.org/W4320041405","https://openalex.org/W4381956217","https://openalex.org/W4385570141","https://openalex.org/W4385572838","https://openalex.org/W4387847256","https://openalex.org/W6930440350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2056065966","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open-ended":[0,66],"coding":[1,105,154],"tasks,":[2],"which":[3],"ask":[4],"students":[5],"to":[6,10,71,114],"construct":[7],"programs":[8],"according":[9],"certain":[11],"specifications,":[12],"are":[13],"common":[14],"in":[15,50],"computer":[16],"science":[17],"education.":[18],"Student":[19],"modeling":[20],"can":[21,32],"be":[22,33],"challenging":[23],"since":[24],"their":[25],"open-ended":[26,77,104,133,175],"nature":[27],"means":[28],"that":[29,40,146,155],"student":[30,51,54,78,183],"code":[31,79,83,123,162],"diverse.":[34],"Traditional":[35],"knowledge":[36,52],"tracing":[37],"(KT)":[38],"models":[39],"only":[41,156],"analyze":[42,73,116],"response":[43],"correctness":[44],"may":[45],"not":[46],"fully":[47],"capture":[48],"nuances":[49],"from":[53],"code.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59],"introduce":[60],"Test":[61],"case-Informed":[62],"Knowledge":[63],"Tracing":[64],"for":[65,99,153],"Coding":[67],"(TIKTOC),":[68],"a":[69,100,109,121,136,161],"framework":[70],"simultaneously":[72,115],"and":[74,80,107,117,129],"predict":[75,118],"both":[76],"whether":[81,120],"the":[82,90,95,103,131,141,158],"passes":[84,125],"each":[85,126],"test":[86,96,127,170],"case.":[87],"We":[88,143,165],"augment":[89],"existing":[91,150],"CodeWorkout":[92],"dataset":[93],"with":[94,174],"cases":[97],"used":[98],"subset":[101],"of":[102],"questions,":[106],"propose":[108],"multitask":[110],"learning":[111],"KT":[112,151],"method":[113],"1)":[119],"student\u2019s":[122,132],"submission":[124,163],"case":[128,171],"2)":[130],"code,":[134,176],"using":[135],"large":[137],"language":[138],"model":[139],"as":[140],"backbone.":[142],"quantitatively":[144],"show":[145],"these":[147],"methods":[148,152],"outperform":[149],"use":[157],"overall":[159],"score":[160],"receives.":[164],"also":[166],"qualitatively":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"how":[169],"information,":[172],"combined":[173],"helps":[177],"us":[178],"gain":[179],"fine-grained":[180],"insights":[181],"into":[182],"knowledge.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}