{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405003679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706119","title":"A Comparative Analysis of Instruction Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Financial Text Classification","display_name":"A Comparative Analysis of Instruction Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Financial Text Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405003679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170305","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","issn_l":"2158-656X","issn":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058376884","display_name":"Sorouralsadat Fatemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5163-2541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sorouralsadat Fatemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States","University of Illinois Chicago,  Chicago, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5163-2541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,  Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016075036","display_name":"Yuheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-1238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States","University of Illinois Chicago,  Chicago, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-1238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,  Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078412661","display_name":"Maryam Mousavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Mousavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","Arizona State University,  Tempe, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University,  Tempe, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96227271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6608947515487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6202384829521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.5684986114501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5109352469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48283228278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44010499119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.43458056449890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4228953719139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.4182494580745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4181002676486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10079550743103027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6608947515487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6202384829521179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5684986114501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5109352469444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48283228278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44010499119758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43458056449890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4228953719139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.4182494580745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4181002676486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10079550743103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3706119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3706119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170305","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","issn_l":"2158-656X","issn":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546425147","https://openalex.org/W2001340398","https://openalex.org/W2090588899","https://openalex.org/W2792317186","https://openalex.org/W2888160375","https://openalex.org/W3037252472","https://openalex.org/W3043424630","https://openalex.org/W3093914553","https://openalex.org/W3119916295","https://openalex.org/W3168867926","https://openalex.org/W3203486519","https://openalex.org/W4223550048","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4224324495","https://openalex.org/W4225663894","https://openalex.org/W4226278401","https://openalex.org/W4229439696","https://openalex.org/W4308024636","https://openalex.org/W4311409687","https://openalex.org/W4318477615","https://openalex.org/W4321524280","https://openalex.org/W4323697341","https://openalex.org/W4364320763","https://openalex.org/W4364385323","https://openalex.org/W4364387438","https://openalex.org/W4365211776","https://openalex.org/W4366198844","https://openalex.org/W4366400290","https://openalex.org/W4367318783","https://openalex.org/W4376876909","https://openalex.org/W4377009978","https://openalex.org/W4377865922","https://openalex.org/W4378465262","https://openalex.org/W4378508793","https://openalex.org/W4380373983","https://openalex.org/W4381827049","https://openalex.org/W4385570142","https://openalex.org/W4386875765","https://openalex.org/W4387114267","https://openalex.org/W4387559386","https://openalex.org/W4388335799","https://openalex.org/W4388926382","https://openalex.org/W4388994228","https://openalex.org/W4388994251","https://openalex.org/W4389363305","https://openalex.org/W4389524022","https://openalex.org/W4389818186","https://openalex.org/W4390489488","https://openalex.org/W4392019953","https://openalex.org/W4393108834","https://openalex.org/W4395443510","https://openalex.org/W4395474395","https://openalex.org/W4396601147","https://openalex.org/W4401042286","https://openalex.org/W4401545735","https://openalex.org/W4404783473","https://openalex.org/W6810081322","https://openalex.org/W6847030267","https://openalex.org/W6850820320","https://openalex.org/W6852564843","https://openalex.org/W6853444283","https://openalex.org/W6856051742","https://openalex.org/W6860863061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008380943","https://openalex.org/W2115206405","https://openalex.org/W4387718383","https://openalex.org/W1528986568","https://openalex.org/W2500746363","https://openalex.org/W2062799661","https://openalex.org/W2347954438","https://openalex.org/W2071460425","https://openalex.org/W1999164976","https://openalex.org/W3098003361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1,11],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"impressive":[6],"capabilities":[7,86],"across":[8,70],"diverse":[9],"Natural":[10],"Processing":[12],"(NLP)":[13],"tasks,":[14,74,96],"including":[15,49,97],"language":[16],"understanding,":[17],"reasoning,":[18],"and":[19,33,52,67,103,169],"generation.":[20],"However,":[21],"general-domain":[22],"LLMs":[23,174],"often":[24],"struggle":[25],"with":[26,137],"financial":[27,37,59,72,95,177],"tasks":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,54,114,175],"the":[31,42,84,138,154,164],"technical":[32],"specialized":[34,176],"nature":[35],"of":[36,44,87,166],"texts.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40],"investigates":[41],"efficacy":[43],"instruction":[45,167],"fine-tuning":[46,112,168],"smaller-scale":[47],"LLMs,":[48],"Mistral-7B,":[50],"Llama3-8B,":[51],"Phi3-mini,":[53],"enhance":[55],"their":[56],"performance":[57],"in":[58,78,146,149],"text":[60,178],"classification":[61,73,179],"tasks.":[62,180],"We":[63],"fine-tuned":[64,89,135],"both":[65],"instruction-tuned":[66,117],"base":[68,110,139],"models":[69,90,118,136],"four":[71],"achieving":[75],"significant":[76,147],"improvements":[77],"task-specific":[79],"performance.":[80,122],"Furthermore,":[81],"we":[82,127],"evaluated":[83],"zero-shot":[85,150],"these":[88],"on":[91,158],"three":[92],"unseen":[93],"complex":[94],"argument":[98],"classification,":[99,102],"deal":[100],"completeness":[101],"causal":[104],"classification.":[105],"Our":[106,161],"results":[107],"indicate":[108],"while":[109],"model":[111,129,170],"led":[113],"greater":[115],"degradation,":[116,126],"maintained":[119],"more":[120],"robust":[121],"To":[123],"address":[124],"this":[125,142],"employed":[128],"merging":[130,143,171],"techniques,":[131],"integrating":[132],"single-task":[133],"domain-specific":[134],"model.":[140],"Using":[141],"method":[144],"resulted":[145],"enhancements":[148],"performance,":[151],"even":[152],"exceeding":[153],"original":[155],"model\u2019s":[156],"accuracy":[157],"certain":[159],"datasets.":[160],"findings":[162],"underscore":[163],"effectiveness":[165],"for":[172],"adapting":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}