{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406222301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","title":"On Extending Incorrectness Logic with Backwards Reasoning","display_name":"On Extending Incorrectness Logic with Backwards Reasoning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406222301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067135306","display_name":"Freek Verbeek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7876267","display_name":"Open University of the Netherlands","ror":"https://ror.org/018dfmf50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freek Verbeek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open Universiteit of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands","Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open Universiteit of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7876267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033658940","display_name":"Md. Syadus Sefat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-4850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Syadus Sefat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-4850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089294104","display_name":"Zhoulai Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-0564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116376","display_name":"SUNY Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/02d07gm56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116376"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhoulai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York, Incheon, Republic of Korea","Stony Brook University, New York, USA","Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-0564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stony Brook University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067528153","display_name":"Binoy Ravindran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binoy Ravindran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-739X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72521396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"POPL","first_page":"391","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44005563855171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deductive-reasoning","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","score":0.42109352350234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.37901291251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27866417169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21749165654182434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44005563855171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.42109352350234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.37901291251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27866417169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21749165654182434}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/124514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/124514","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/eb91d0ea-f1d2-4133-85b6-d5b5d6332bca/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article - Refereed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.ou.nl:publications/659379b2-ca0d-42a8-a6a3-6e09b87842cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.ou.nl/en/publications/659379b2-ca0d-42a8-a6a3-6e09b87842cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922485","display_name":"Open University of the Netherlands Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Verbeek, F, Sefat, M S, Fu, Z & Ravindran, B 2025, 'On Extending Incorrectness Logic with Backwards Reasoning', Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, vol. 9, no. POPL, 14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3059199186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00165647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G771336334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-21-C-4028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338406","funder_display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G796293217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-21-C-4028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338406","display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/01gs1cg95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146475325","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1599380282","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1881794246","https://openalex.org/W2032153666","https://openalex.org/W2066210260","https://openalex.org/W2069300761","https://openalex.org/W2088181608","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2113791307","https://openalex.org/W2117189826","https://openalex.org/W2117436651","https://openalex.org/W2120713211","https://openalex.org/W2125142549","https://openalex.org/W2133612077","https://openalex.org/W2165015106","https://openalex.org/W2170612356","https://openalex.org/W2488488482","https://openalex.org/W2546918856","https://openalex.org/W2584230735","https://openalex.org/W2963723316","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3023362447","https://openalex.org/W3043626952","https://openalex.org/W3175673396","https://openalex.org/W3207402727","https://openalex.org/W3208160860","https://openalex.org/W4205937241","https://openalex.org/W4221020570","https://openalex.org/W4225134668","https://openalex.org/W4246385123","https://openalex.org/W4287906555","https://openalex.org/W4313127663","https://openalex.org/W4323570470","https://openalex.org/W4377102889","https://openalex.org/W4388067686","https://openalex.org/W4396215524","https://openalex.org/W4404344742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"an":[3,118],"extension":[4],"of":[5,70,82,106,116],"O\u2019Hearn\u2019s":[6],"incorrectness":[7],"logic":[8,40],"(IL)":[9],"that":[10,88,102,112],"allows":[11,58],"backwards":[12,23],"reasoning.":[13,24],"IL":[14,35],"in":[15,137],"its":[16],"current":[17],"form":[18],"does":[19],"not":[20],"generically":[21],"permit":[22],"We":[25,67,84],"show":[26,101],"t":[27],"at":[28,121],"this":[29],"can":[30],"be":[31],"mitigated":[32],"by":[33],"extending":[34],"with":[36,55],"underspecification.":[37],"The":[38,126],"resulting":[39],"combines":[41],"underspecification":[42],"(the":[43],"result,":[44],"or":[45],"postcondition,":[46],"only":[47],"needs":[48],"to":[49,59,91],"formulate":[50],"constraints":[51],"over":[52],"relevant":[53],"variables)":[54],"underapproximation":[56],"(it":[57],"focus":[60],"on":[61],"fewer":[62],"than":[63],"all":[64,132],"the":[65,71,103,114,128,138],"paths).":[66],"prove":[68],"soundness":[69],"proof":[72,86,129],"system,":[73],"as":[74,76],"well":[75],"completeness":[77],"for":[78],"a":[79,93,96],"defined":[80],"subset":[81],"presumptions.":[83],"discuss":[85],"strategies":[87],"allow":[89],"one":[90],"derive":[92],"presumption":[94],"from":[95],"given":[97],"result.":[98],"Notably,":[99],"we":[100],"existing":[104],"concept":[105],"loop":[107,120],"summaries-":[108],"closed-form":[109],"symbolic":[110],"representations":[111],"summarize":[113],"effects":[115],"executing":[117],"entire":[119],"once-":[122],"is":[123],"highly":[124],"useful.":[125],"logic,":[127],"system":[130],"and":[131],"theorems":[133],"have":[134],"been":[135],"formalized":[136],"Isabelle/HOL":[139],"theorem":[140],"prover.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}