{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404884150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704434","title":"When SDN Meets Low-rate Threats: A Survey of Attacks and Countermeasures in Programmable Networks","display_name":"When SDN Meets Low-rate Threats: A Survey of Attacks and Countermeasures in Programmable Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404884150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704434","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3704434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3704434","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712290","display_name":"Dan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030794065","display_name":"Rui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-4731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075357429","display_name":"Yudong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-0467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087894632","display_name":"Keqin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keqin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, United States","Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, State University of New York, New York United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519973","display_name":"Wei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035491991","display_name":"Zheng Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100712290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97139558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8743563890457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5935457944869995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8743563890457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5935457944869995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704434","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3704434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3704434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3704434","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3704434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3797785422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404884150.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106863888","https://openalex.org/W1524371323","https://openalex.org/W1531996150","https://openalex.org/W1577498723","https://openalex.org/W1959803714","https://openalex.org/W1984451560","https://openalex.org/W1985454260","https://openalex.org/W1988774297","https://openalex.org/W1993210075","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2001852433","https://openalex.org/W2019419295","https://openalex.org/W2064266822","https://openalex.org/W2084915558","https://openalex.org/W2122695394","https://openalex.org/W2125560635","https://openalex.org/W2130583399","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2160824842","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2181946808","https://openalex.org/W2263506554","https://openalex.org/W2275434060","https://openalex.org/W2321886673","https://openalex.org/W2485966427","https://openalex.org/W2514791705","https://openalex.org/W2553816634","https://openalex.org/W2559035142","https://openalex.org/W2600164692","https://openalex.org/W2610817200","https://openalex.org/W2734701826","https://openalex.org/W2740981508","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2758509082","https://openalex.org/W2762715230","https://openalex.org/W2762794304","https://openalex.org/W2765220306","https://openalex.org/W2767197769","https://openalex.org/W2771446329","https://openalex.org/W2781306790","https://openalex.org/W2783435484","https://openalex.org/W2783534159","https://openalex.org/W2794429786","https://openalex.org/W2796499819","https://openalex.org/W2804817434","https://openalex.org/W2883042941","https://openalex.org/W2884204879","https://openalex.org/W2886525784","https://openalex.org/W2886980148","https://openalex.org/W2887562860","https://openalex.org/W2956663147","https://openalex.org/W2982103411","https://openalex.org/W2982326243","https://openalex.org/W2995775583","https://openalex.org/W2998158308","https://openalex.org/W3007098877","https://openalex.org/W3007603430","https://openalex.org/W3008852997","https://openalex.org/W3010379300","https://openalex.org/W3010527934","https://openalex.org/W3012454270","https://openalex.org/W3015751692","https://openalex.org/W3036012999","https://openalex.org/W3036171432","https://openalex.org/W3037997326","https://openalex.org/W3045619185","https://openalex.org/W3046319829","https://openalex.org/W3084957001","https://openalex.org/W3109939632","https://openalex.org/W3111306191","https://openalex.org/W3116034045","https://openalex.org/W3122055457","https://openalex.org/W3122635809","https://openalex.org/W3125704518","https://openalex.org/W3127120656","https://openalex.org/W3134108515","https://openalex.org/W3158654326","https://openalex.org/W3161694586","https://openalex.org/W3182520603","https://openalex.org/W3185596546","https://openalex.org/W3192882631","https://openalex.org/W3194105363","https://openalex.org/W3196634043","https://openalex.org/W3199977697","https://openalex.org/W3203774867","https://openalex.org/W3209686236","https://openalex.org/W3214071552","https://openalex.org/W3215657732","https://openalex.org/W4210878212","https://openalex.org/W4226075059","https://openalex.org/W4237192363","https://openalex.org/W4249902158","https://openalex.org/W4253731216","https://openalex.org/W4281397562","https://openalex.org/W4281686974","https://openalex.org/W4283019128","https://openalex.org/W4283023621","https://openalex.org/W4285305737","https://openalex.org/W4285507209","https://openalex.org/W4285987374","https://openalex.org/W4289530011","https://openalex.org/W4292230185","https://openalex.org/W4293197722","https://openalex.org/W4311299795","https://openalex.org/W4311374878","https://openalex.org/W4312664970","https://openalex.org/W4313161103","https://openalex.org/W4313641248","https://openalex.org/W4316021733","https://openalex.org/W4317693947","https://openalex.org/W4317813238","https://openalex.org/W4320487229","https://openalex.org/W4322770678","https://openalex.org/W4324007055","https://openalex.org/W4362663695","https://openalex.org/W4365790450","https://openalex.org/W4367016220","https://openalex.org/W4376481072","https://openalex.org/W4386486801","https://openalex.org/W4386702598","https://openalex.org/W4389128909","https://openalex.org/W4391892558","https://openalex.org/W6842531720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-rate":[0],"threats":[1,98,105,127,139,194],"are":[2,9],"a":[3,39,93,160],"class":[4],"of":[5,96,165],"attack":[6],"vectors":[7],"that":[8,42],"disruptive":[10],"and":[11,32,46,56,80,106,120,128,140,148,163,189],"stealthy,":[12],"typically":[13],"crafted":[14],"for":[15,24,174],"security":[16,70],"vulnerabilities.":[17],"They":[18],"have":[19],"been":[20],"the":[21,44,62,109,113,133,153],"significant":[22],"concern":[23],"cyber":[25],"security,":[26],"impacting":[27],"both":[28],"conventional":[29],"IP-based":[30],"networks":[31],"emerging":[33],"Software-Defined":[34],"Networking":[35],"(SDN).":[36],"SDN":[37,110,146,176],"is":[38],"revolutionary":[40],"architecture":[41],"separates":[43],"control":[45,116,118],"data":[47,114,155],"planes,":[48],"offering":[49],"advantages":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52,59,61],"enhanced":[53],"manageability,":[54],"flexibility,":[55],"network":[57],"programmability,":[58],"well":[60],"ability":[63],"to":[64,68,84,152,182],"introduce":[65],"new":[66,78],"solutions":[67],"address":[69],"threats.":[71,86],"However,":[72],"its":[73],"innovative":[74],"design":[75],"also":[76],"poses":[77],"vulnerabilities":[79,147],"threats,":[81],"especially":[82],"susceptibility":[83],"low-rate":[85,97,104,126,143,149,166,193],"To":[87],"this":[88,90],"end,":[89],"article":[91,134],"presents":[92,159],"comprehensive":[94],"overview":[95],"in":[99,130,185,195],"programmable":[100,154,196],"networks.":[101,197],"It":[102],"explores":[103],"countermeasures":[107,129,141,191],"within":[108],"architecture,":[111],"encompassing":[112],"plane,":[115,117,122],"channel,":[119],"application":[121],"together":[123],"with":[124,172],"traditional":[125],"SDN.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"offers":[135],"detailed":[136],"insight":[137],"into":[138],"against":[142,192],"attacks":[144,150,167],"exploiting":[145],"related":[151],"plane.":[156],"Additionally,":[157],"it":[158],"comparative":[161],"analysis":[162],"discussion":[164],"versus":[168],"high-volume":[169],"attacks,":[170],"along":[171],"suggestions":[173],"enhancing":[175],"security.":[177],"This":[178],"thorough":[179],"review":[180],"aims":[181],"assist":[183],"researchers":[184],"developing":[186],"more":[187],"resilient":[188],"dependable":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}