{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409242963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703835","title":"Analyzing Breaking Changes in IoT Systems: A Taxonomy and Empirical Study on System Stability and Longevity","display_name":"Analyzing Breaking Changes in IoT Systems: A Taxonomy and Empirical Study on System Stability and Longevity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409242963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703835","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703835","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060390798","display_name":"Rene Dorsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114863","display_name":"Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply Chain Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0263r2546","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rene Dorsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-7314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051065782","display_name":"Michael Freund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114863","display_name":"Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply Chain Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0263r2546","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-9331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033280983","display_name":"Andreas Harth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0702-510X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Harth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany and Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0702-510X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany and Fraunhofer IIS, Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060390798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33901381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"194","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longevity","display_name":"Longevity","score":0.7508028745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253728866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.4648429751396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46174150705337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.44566264748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24523892998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1258106827735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1238267719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.12189719080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10219454765319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gerontology","display_name":"Gerontology","score":0.07012784481048584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776759703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066907","display_name":"Longevity","level":2,"score":0.7508028745651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253728866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4648429751396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46174150705337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.44566264748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24523892998695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1258106827735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1238267719745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12189719080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10219454765319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.07012784481048584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703835","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/488451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/488451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703835","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703835","source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409242963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409242963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963620879","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2247688748","https://openalex.org/W2600915151","https://openalex.org/W2800744980","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2998287930","https://openalex.org/W3047101551","https://openalex.org/W3127786642","https://openalex.org/W3167227909","https://openalex.org/W4312721877","https://openalex.org/W4382248482","https://openalex.org/W4399899951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4315797749","https://openalex.org/W1585830474","https://openalex.org/W2393707090","https://openalex.org/W2188080485","https://openalex.org/W2539138474","https://openalex.org/W4240441889","https://openalex.org/W561829362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolving":[0],"application":[1],"programming":[2],"interfaces":[3],"(APIs)":[4],"of":[5,7,20,85,102,109,119,163,170],"Internet":[6],"Things":[8],"(IoT)":[9],"devices":[10],"cause":[11,123],"system":[12,150,156,185],"failures":[13],"and":[14,18,34,67,75,88,100,106,129,138,173,183],"challenge":[15],"the":[16,98,107,134,168],"longevity":[17],"reliability":[19],"IoT":[21,31,94,104,112,155,164,175],"systems.To":[22],"mitigate":[23],"these":[24],"issues,":[25],"this":[26,71],"paper":[27],"aims":[28],"to":[29,146,154],"categorize":[30],"API":[32,47,62,121,130,165],"changes":[33,48,110,122,147,182],"assess":[35],"their":[36],"impact":[37],"on":[38],"deployed":[39],"systems.We":[40],"introduce":[41],"a":[42,77,160],"detailed":[43],"taxonomy":[44,72,162],"that":[45,117,139,148,177],"classifies":[46],"into":[49],"28":[50],"characteristics":[51,101],"within":[52,111],"five":[53],"key":[54],"dimensions:":[55],"Data":[56,127],"Payload":[57,128],"Modifications,":[58,61,64,66],"Communication":[59],"Protocol":[60],"Endpoint":[63,131],"Security":[65],"Parameter":[68],"Modifications.We":[69],"apply":[70],"by":[73,158],"annotating":[74],"analyzing":[76],"comprehensive":[78,161],"dataset":[79],"developed":[80],"through":[81],"an":[82],"empirical":[83],"study":[84],"change":[86],"reports":[87],"integration":[89,95,114],"documentation":[90],"from":[91],"long-running":[92],"open-source":[93],"platforms.We":[96],"analyze":[97],"frequency":[99],"evolving":[103],"APIs":[105],"effects":[108],"device":[113],"scenarios.Results":[115],"reveal":[116],"74.21%":[118],"all":[120],"backward":[124],"incompatibility,":[125],"with":[126],"Modifications":[132],"being":[133],"most":[135,144],"prevalent":[136],"types,":[137],"cloud-based":[140],"platform":[141],"integrations":[142],"are":[143],"vulnerable":[145],"threaten":[149],"longevity.This":[151],"work":[152],"contributes":[153],"design":[157],"providing":[159],"changes,":[166],"facilitating":[167],"development":[169],"more":[171],"robust":[172],"adaptable":[174],"architectures":[176],"can":[178],"withstand":[179],"long-term":[180],"operational":[181],"enhance":[184],"reliability.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}