{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409268166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703824","title":"Identifying Security Challenges in the Transition from Traditional to Smart Manufacturing Through IIoT Retrofitting","display_name":"Identifying Security Challenges in the Transition from Traditional to Smart Manufacturing Through IIoT Retrofitting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409268166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703824","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703824","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703824","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117077968","display_name":"Mert Comert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149363","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04m20rz92","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149363"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mert Comert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6172-1850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149363","https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088796097","display_name":"Arslan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-8134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arslan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Derby, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-8134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Derby, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026959627","display_name":"Hafiz Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-4190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Derby, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-4190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear AMRC, The University of Sheffield, Derby, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117077968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149363","https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80876793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"285","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9043999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrofitting","display_name":"Retrofitting","score":0.8349034786224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48175477981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39480966329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-engineering","display_name":"Construction engineering","score":0.33595138788223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30091869831085205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24662","display_name":"Retrofitting","level":2,"score":0.8349034786224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48175477981567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39480966329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.33595138788223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30091869831085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703824","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703824","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:225576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6172-1850>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703790.3703824","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703790.3703824","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3703790.3703824","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Internet of Things","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3937398714","display_name":"TROCI: Towards Resilient Operation of Critical Infrastructures - application to water and energy systems","funder_award_id":"EP/Y036344/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409268166.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4503807","https://openalex.org/W62554071","https://openalex.org/W1574433387","https://openalex.org/W2032614950","https://openalex.org/W2566301239","https://openalex.org/W2593657034","https://openalex.org/W2623083822","https://openalex.org/W2794889888","https://openalex.org/W2796296808","https://openalex.org/W2863851818","https://openalex.org/W2891249304","https://openalex.org/W2911644931","https://openalex.org/W2967819419","https://openalex.org/W2971564710","https://openalex.org/W2978805838","https://openalex.org/W3012963018","https://openalex.org/W3049305397","https://openalex.org/W4226255219","https://openalex.org/W4234803735","https://openalex.org/W4254114713","https://openalex.org/W4310971812","https://openalex.org/W4377137173","https://openalex.org/W4385834242","https://openalex.org/W4388624592","https://openalex.org/W4388726958","https://openalex.org/W4396632323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4235281790","https://openalex.org/W2803958028","https://openalex.org/W3196206936","https://openalex.org/W2352632764","https://openalex.org/W4301954925","https://openalex.org/W2040763850","https://openalex.org/W2349263281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,107],"integration":[1],"of":[2,5,20,89,112,167,184,205],"Industrial":[3,70],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IIoT)":[7],"sensors":[8],"and":[9,23,61,78,92,125,146,162,175,182],"devices":[10],"into":[11],"traditional":[12,30,130],"manufacturing":[13,31,35,131,187],"environments":[14,188],"offers":[15],"significant":[16],"benefits":[17],"in":[18],"terms":[19],"efficiency,":[21],"adaptability,":[22],"data-driven":[24],"decision-making.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,59,87,110,122,168,180,202],"transition":[28],"from":[29,86],"systems":[32,67,91],"to":[33,52,121,178,211],"smart":[34,186],"systems,":[36,42],"often":[37],"achieved":[38],"through":[39],"retrofitting":[40,65,129],"legacy":[41,66,90],"introduces":[43],"new":[44],"security":[45,82,137,196],"risks":[46,126,210],"that":[47,84,118],"must":[48],"be":[49],"carefully":[50],"addressed":[51],"ensure":[53],"operational":[54,164],"resilience.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57,169],"explores":[58],"vulnerabilities":[60,124],"threats":[62],"associated":[63,127],"with":[64,68,128,172],"modern":[69],"IoT":[71,94],"technologies.":[72],"By":[73,150,193],"examining":[74],"recent":[75],"case":[76],"studies":[77],"industry":[79],"incidents,":[80],"critical":[81],"gaps":[83,99],"emerge":[85],"coexistence":[88],"contemporary":[93],"solutions":[95],"are":[96],"identified.":[97],"These":[98,133],"include":[100,135],"unauthorized":[101],"access,":[102],"data":[103],"breaches,":[104],"system":[105,148],"manipulation.":[106],"research":[108],"emphasizes":[109],"necessity":[111],"adopting":[113],"a":[114],"proactive":[115],"cybersecurity":[116],"approach":[117],"is":[119],"well-suited":[120],"specific":[123],"systems.":[132],"measures":[134],"updated":[136],"protocols,":[138],"enhanced":[139],"device":[140],"management":[141],"practices,":[142],"secure":[143],"software":[144],"updates,":[145],"ongoing":[147],"monitoring.":[149],"implementing":[151],"these":[152,195],"strategies,":[153],"manufacturers":[154,171],"can":[155,200],"mitigate":[156],"risks,":[157],"protect":[158],"their":[159,185,212],"intellectual":[160],"property,":[161],"maintain":[163],"continuity.":[165],"Outcome":[166],"provide":[170],"strategic":[173],"insights":[174],"practical":[176],"recommendations":[177],"safeguard":[179],"integrity":[181],"reliability":[183],"against":[189],"evolving":[190],"cyber":[191],"threats.":[192],"addressing":[194],"challenges":[197],"proactively,":[198],"organizations":[199],"realize":[201],"full":[203],"potential":[204],"IIoT":[206],"technologies":[207],"while":[208],"minimizing":[209],"operations.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
