{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406468638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703465.3703472","title":"Is Crowdsourcing a Puppet Show? Detecting a New Type of Fraud in Online Platforms","display_name":"Is Crowdsourcing a Puppet Show? Detecting a New Type of Fraud in Online Platforms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406468638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703465.3703472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703465.3703472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703465.3703472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the New Security Paradigms Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.00195","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051568795","display_name":"S. J. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2423-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2423-7305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115906469","display_name":"Israt Jahan Jui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israt Jahan Jui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-3837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000647973","display_name":"Julie Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6629-158X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6629-158X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74945565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9551138877868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6153680086135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3865269124507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3506474196910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32486867904663086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9551138877868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6153680086135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3865269124507904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3506474196910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32486867904663086}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3703465.3703472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3703465.3703472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the New Security Paradigms Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.00195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00195","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.00195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.00195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00195","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.00195","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598829572","https://openalex.org/W1807286188","https://openalex.org/W1982112776","https://openalex.org/W2024166834","https://openalex.org/W2063839866","https://openalex.org/W2076387137","https://openalex.org/W2082032767","https://openalex.org/W2109884388","https://openalex.org/W2116323796","https://openalex.org/W2119576155","https://openalex.org/W2126493218","https://openalex.org/W2129841138","https://openalex.org/W2137872373","https://openalex.org/W2141002625","https://openalex.org/W2150597317","https://openalex.org/W2152243616","https://openalex.org/W2186574084","https://openalex.org/W2279053323","https://openalex.org/W2292984643","https://openalex.org/W2550436552","https://openalex.org/W2576320326","https://openalex.org/W2587277470","https://openalex.org/W2621532439","https://openalex.org/W2783946743","https://openalex.org/W2785122045","https://openalex.org/W2900420874","https://openalex.org/W2912623520","https://openalex.org/W2972421655","https://openalex.org/W2979864122","https://openalex.org/W2997588693","https://openalex.org/W3016049383","https://openalex.org/W3043313315","https://openalex.org/W3108819963","https://openalex.org/W3123404044","https://openalex.org/W3162798367","https://openalex.org/W4210504634","https://openalex.org/W4247196822","https://openalex.org/W4294903874","https://openalex.org/W4308017781","https://openalex.org/W4324129606","https://openalex.org/W4367046989","https://openalex.org/W4387776497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowdsourcing":[0],"platforms":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3,166],"Amazon":[4,40,88],"Mechanical":[5],"Turk":[6],"(MTurk)":[7],"are":[8,58,101],"important":[9],"tools":[10],"for":[11,136],"researchers":[12],"seeking":[13],"to":[14,99,113,181,208],"conduct":[15],"studies":[16,190],"with":[17,141,196,223],"a":[18,93,131],"broad,":[19],"global":[20],"participant":[21],"base.":[22],"Despite":[23],"their":[24,70,168],"popularity":[25],"and":[26,69,139],"demonstrated":[27],"utility,":[28],"we":[29,129],"present":[30],"evidence":[31],"that":[32,57,92,216],"suggests":[33],"the":[34,46,74,107,121,179,183,201],"integrity":[35,75,116],"of":[36,48,60,76,96,109,123,127,133,144,151,172,185,203],"data":[37,77,85,115],"collected":[38,78],"through":[39],"MTurk":[41,89],"is":[42],"being":[43],"threatened":[44],"by":[45],"presence":[47,202],"puppeteers,":[49],"apparently":[50],"human":[51],"workers":[52],"controlling":[53,157],"multiple":[54,158],"puppet":[55,225],"accounts":[56,97,159],"capable":[59],"bypassing":[61],"standard":[62],"attention":[63],"checks.":[64],"If":[65],"left":[66],"undetected,":[67],"puppeteers":[68],"puppets":[71,138,204],"can":[72],"undermine":[73],"on":[79,117,162],"these":[80],"platforms.":[81,119],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"investigates":[84],"from":[86],"two":[87],"studies,":[90,214],"finding":[91],"substantial":[94],"proportion":[95],"(33%":[98],"56.4%)":[100],"likely":[102,191],"puppets.":[103],"Our":[104],"findings":[105,177],"highlight":[106],"importance":[108],"adopting":[110],"multifaceted":[111],"strategies":[112],"ensure":[114],"crowdsourcing":[118,164],"With":[120],"goal":[122],"detecting":[124],"this":[125],"type":[126],"fraud,":[128],"discuss":[130],"set":[132],"potential":[134],"countermeasures":[135],"both":[137],"bots":[140],"varying":[142],"degrees":[143],"sophistication":[145],"(e.g.,":[146],"employing":[147],"AI).":[148],"The":[149],"problem":[150],"single":[152],"entities":[153],"(or":[154],"puppeteers)":[155],"manually":[156],"could":[160],"exist":[161],"other":[163],"platforms;":[165],"such,":[167],"detection":[169,226],"may":[170,205,219],"be":[171,220],"broader":[173],"application.":[174],"While":[175],"our":[176],"suggest":[178],"need":[180],"re-evaluate":[182],"quality":[184],"crowdsourced":[186],"data,":[187],"many":[188],"previous":[189],"remain":[192],"valid,":[193],"particularly":[194],"those":[195],"robust":[197],"experimental":[198],"designs.":[199],"However,":[200],"have":[206],"contributed":[207],"false":[209],"null":[210],"results":[211],"in":[212],"some":[213],"suggesting":[215],"unpublished":[217],"work":[218],"worth":[221],"revisiting":[222],"effective":[224],"strategies.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-01-17T00:00:00"}
