{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412781201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217","title":"AI Literacy in K-12 and Higher Education in the Wake of Generative AI: An Integrative Review","display_name":"AI Literacy in K-12 and Higher Education in the Wake of Generative AI: An Integrative Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412781201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3702652.3744217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067216432","display_name":"Xingjian Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0433-9843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingjian (Lance) Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005683626","display_name":"Barbara Ericson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-8341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara J. Ericson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067216432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":34.4748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99613886,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"125","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9635999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.757797122001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake","display_name":"Wake","score":0.5916320085525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.5767454504966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45705506205558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3702467679977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3138892948627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.21569886803627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13759583234786987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.757797122001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.5916320085525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5767454504966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45705506205558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3702467679977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3138892948627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.21569886803627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13759583234786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3702652.3744217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.00079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.00079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3702652.3744217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205310263","https://openalex.org/W333991843","https://openalex.org/W1498112155","https://openalex.org/W1991888602","https://openalex.org/W2092741532","https://openalex.org/W2113373290","https://openalex.org/W2121854318","https://openalex.org/W2748001820","https://openalex.org/W2790657370","https://openalex.org/W2896252141","https://openalex.org/W2963849010","https://openalex.org/W2965058023","https://openalex.org/W3018249611","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3038783435","https://openalex.org/W3047489882","https://openalex.org/W3095974871","https://openalex.org/W3126017685","https://openalex.org/W3132977223","https://openalex.org/W3135354507","https://openalex.org/W3161021660","https://openalex.org/W3168967568","https://openalex.org/W3173741481","https://openalex.org/W3174307976","https://openalex.org/W3174968969","https://openalex.org/W3175351918","https://openalex.org/W3175422852","https://openalex.org/W3176062377","https://openalex.org/W3176267907","https://openalex.org/W3189788947","https://openalex.org/W3191661535","https://openalex.org/W3205271445","https://openalex.org/W3205602845","https://openalex.org/W3215201135","https://openalex.org/W3215476665","https://openalex.org/W4212796662","https://openalex.org/W4220819014","https://openalex.org/W4223982870","https://openalex.org/W4224253948","https://openalex.org/W4225141659","https://openalex.org/W4229441880","https://openalex.org/W4283795665","https://openalex.org/W4288988278","https://openalex.org/W4289342549","https://openalex.org/W4291476016","https://openalex.org/W4296184066","https://openalex.org/W4296196488","https://openalex.org/W4297093142","https://openalex.org/W4307157265","https://openalex.org/W4308648765","https://openalex.org/W4315641685","https://openalex.org/W4317502110","https://openalex.org/W4317581943","https://openalex.org/W4319788234","https://openalex.org/W4323037544","https://openalex.org/W4323037795","https://openalex.org/W4323526418","https://openalex.org/W4323526537","https://openalex.org/W4366548330","https://openalex.org/W4366550035","https://openalex.org/W4366586161","https://openalex.org/W4366597241","https://openalex.org/W4379160552","https://openalex.org/W4380366353","https://openalex.org/W4380564123","https://openalex.org/W4380668147","https://openalex.org/W4381982883","https://openalex.org/W4382751226","https://openalex.org/W4385262430","https://openalex.org/W4385269673","https://openalex.org/W4385396616","https://openalex.org/W4385562476","https://openalex.org/W4386376613","https://openalex.org/W4386570516","https://openalex.org/W4386584937","https://openalex.org/W4386630754","https://openalex.org/W4386638865","https://openalex.org/W4386719008","https://openalex.org/W4386864428","https://openalex.org/W4387023611","https://openalex.org/W4387048697","https://openalex.org/W4387082112","https://openalex.org/W4387193182","https://openalex.org/W4387779292","https://openalex.org/W4388006518","https://openalex.org/W4389681621","https://openalex.org/W4389685081","https://openalex.org/W4389949268","https://openalex.org/W4390278281","https://openalex.org/W4390315357","https://openalex.org/W4390906007","https://openalex.org/W4391116642","https://openalex.org/W4391266270","https://openalex.org/W4391474861","https://openalex.org/W4391584323","https://openalex.org/W4391759421","https://openalex.org/W4391792217","https://openalex.org/W4391941075","https://openalex.org/W4392452962","https://openalex.org/W4392564650","https://openalex.org/W4392564669","https://openalex.org/W4392564705","https://openalex.org/W4392633720","https://openalex.org/W4392773210","https://openalex.org/W4393145541","https://openalex.org/W4393145716","https://openalex.org/W4393146690","https://openalex.org/W4393152361","https://openalex.org/W4393161328","https://openalex.org/W4393161726","https://openalex.org/W4393332028","https://openalex.org/W4393359157","https://openalex.org/W4394736742","https://openalex.org/W4394929444","https://openalex.org/W4395090002","https://openalex.org/W4395664053","https://openalex.org/W4396655318","https://openalex.org/W4396665591","https://openalex.org/W4396832943","https://openalex.org/W4396832990","https://openalex.org/W4396833088","https://openalex.org/W4396833691","https://openalex.org/W4396851098","https://openalex.org/W4397021904","https://openalex.org/W4399050654","https://openalex.org/W4399141346","https://openalex.org/W4399149847","https://openalex.org/W4399206241","https://openalex.org/W4399274782","https://openalex.org/W4399488761","https://openalex.org/W4399517996","https://openalex.org/W4399529023","https://openalex.org/W4399554371","https://openalex.org/W4400290365","https://openalex.org/W4400424066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2757285599","https://openalex.org/W2376025146","https://openalex.org/W161151693","https://openalex.org/W2955635855","https://openalex.org/W3195741387","https://openalex.org/W4324257240","https://openalex.org/W4381570180","https://openalex.org/W2314669870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Even":[0],"though":[1],"AI":[2,35,76,115,131,140],"literacy":[3,36,77,116,132,141],"has":[4,40],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,107],"prominent":[8],"education":[9],"topic":[10],"in":[11,119,138],"the":[12,84,111,124],"wake":[13],"of":[14,113],"generative":[15],"AI,":[16],"its":[17],"definition":[18],"remains":[19],"vague.":[20],"There":[21],"is":[22,117],"little":[23],"consensus":[24],"among":[25],"researchers":[26],"and":[27,33,56,74,94,103,134],"practitioners":[28],"on":[29,99],"how":[30,114],"to":[31,43,52,71,90],"discuss":[32],"design":[34],"interventions.":[37],"The":[38,121],"term":[39],"been":[41],"used":[42],"describe":[44],"both":[45],"learning":[46],"activities":[47],"that":[48,109],"train":[49],"undergraduate":[50],"students":[51],"use":[53],"ChatGPT":[54],"effectively":[55],"having":[57],"kindergarten":[58],"children":[59],"interact":[60],"with":[61],"social":[62],"robots.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"applies":[66],"an":[67],"integrative":[68],"review":[69],"method":[70],"examine":[72],"empirical":[73],"theoretical":[75],"studies":[78],"published":[79],"since":[80],"2020.":[81],"In":[82],"synthesizing":[83],"124":[85],"reviewed":[86],"studies,":[87],"three":[88,97],"ways":[89],"conceptualize":[91],"literacy-functional,":[92],"critical,":[93],"indirectly":[95],"beneficial-and":[96],"perspectives":[98],"AI-technical":[100],"detail,":[101],"tool,":[102],"sociocultural-were":[104],"identified,":[105],"forming":[106],"framework":[108,122],"reflects":[110],"spectrum":[112],"approached":[118],"practice.":[120],"highlights":[123],"need":[125],"for":[126],"more":[127],"specialized":[128],"terms":[129],"within":[130],"discourse":[133],"indicates":[135],"research":[136],"gaps":[137],"certain":[139],"objectives.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}