{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412781231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744207","title":"How Do Novice Programmers Solve Code-Tracing Problems When ChatGPT Is Available? A Qualitative Analysis.","display_name":"How Do Novice Programmers Solve Code-Tracing Problems When ChatGPT Is Available? A Qualitative Analysis.","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412781231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3702652.3744207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119133524","display_name":"Elmira Adeeb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmira Adeeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4329-0768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026476203","display_name":"Kasia M\u00fcldner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasia Muldner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-5315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21083539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"421","last_page":"434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8085287809371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6914517879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.63751620054245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4736821949481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.37886905670166016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8085287809371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6914517879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.63751620054245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4736821949481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37886905670166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3702652.3744207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3702652.3744207","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580583330","https://openalex.org/W1967971235","https://openalex.org/W1991284076","https://openalex.org/W2000052479","https://openalex.org/W2027525087","https://openalex.org/W2045300586","https://openalex.org/W2046675442","https://openalex.org/W2104916970","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2113476921","https://openalex.org/W2120659705","https://openalex.org/W2135995390","https://openalex.org/W2167759247","https://openalex.org/W2580291874","https://openalex.org/W2748071319","https://openalex.org/W2748908871","https://openalex.org/W2758756414","https://openalex.org/W2790195820","https://openalex.org/W2794452420","https://openalex.org/W2912010641","https://openalex.org/W2963654382","https://openalex.org/W3031750803","https://openalex.org/W3042944617","https://openalex.org/W3094316375","https://openalex.org/W3109586032","https://openalex.org/W4239816899","https://openalex.org/W4242191828","https://openalex.org/W4249969843","https://openalex.org/W4250865353","https://openalex.org/W4255623533","https://openalex.org/W4294238430","https://openalex.org/W4321162272","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4381982883","https://openalex.org/W4382654294","https://openalex.org/W4382654843","https://openalex.org/W4387735186","https://openalex.org/W4388848791","https://openalex.org/W4389210056","https://openalex.org/W4390315357","https://openalex.org/W4392394652","https://openalex.org/W4392564770","https://openalex.org/W4399455976","https://openalex.org/W4400208045","https://openalex.org/W4400208054","https://openalex.org/W4400208296","https://openalex.org/W4400208407","https://openalex.org/W4400208693","https://openalex.org/W4401357808","https://openalex.org/W4401379837","https://openalex.org/W4410903557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2888673113","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2056065966","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}