{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410636933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3717814","title":"LLM Shots: Best Fired at System or User Prompts?","display_name":"LLM Shots: Best Fired at System or User Prompts?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410636933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3717814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3717814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3717814","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3717814","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3717814","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117649520","display_name":"Umut Halil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umut Halil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7620-0105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7524-9487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7524-9487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056690478","display_name":"Damien Graux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-3162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160618","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/056gzgs71","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damien Graux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-3162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Research Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066422711","display_name":"Jeff Z. Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-2088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Z. Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-2088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1605","last_page":"1613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9480999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9480999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9330000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6504724621772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42486122250556946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6504724621772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42486122250556946}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3717814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3717814","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3717814","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3701716.3717814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3701716.3717814","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3701716.3717814","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410636933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410636933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998617917","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4384345748","https://openalex.org/W4389518997","https://openalex.org/W4390874280","https://openalex.org/W4404792888","https://openalex.org/W6600339963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,5,27,37,59,62,90,112,119,162,171],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"range":[6],"of":[7,103,148],"use":[8],"cases":[9],"involving":[10],"Large":[11],"Language":[12],"Models":[13],"(LLMs)":[14],"has":[15],"grown":[16],"dramatically.":[17],"Alongside":[18],"this":[19,127,131],"growth,":[20],"many":[21],"techniques":[22],"have":[23,46,72],"been":[24,47],"established":[25],"by":[26,80,134],"community":[28],"to":[29,55,76,101,115,118,122,156,160],"boost":[30],"LLM":[31,120],"performance.":[32],"Among":[33],"them,":[34],"relying":[35],"on":[36,89],"fact":[38],"that":[39,92,153],"LLMs":[40,60,71,163],"excel":[41],"at":[42],"reproducing":[43],"behaviors,":[44],"practitioners":[45],"charging":[48],"their":[49,66,165,174],"prompts":[50],"with":[51,140],"examples":[52],"(a.k.a.":[53],"shots)":[54],"guide":[56,161],"or":[57],"orientate":[58],"towards":[61],"correct":[63],"directions":[64],"given":[65],"main":[67],"instruction.":[68],"More":[69],"recently,":[70],"evolved,":[73],"allowing":[74],"users":[75],"define":[77],"overall":[78],"roles":[79],"offering":[81],"two":[82],"inputs:":[83],"system":[84,96,166],"and":[85],"user":[86,175],"messages,":[87],"based":[88],"assumption":[91],"-in":[93],"a":[94,108,145],"sense-":[95],"instructions":[97],"would":[98],"be":[99,157],"dedicated":[100],"admin/designer":[102],"chatbot":[104],"interfaces.":[105],"In":[106,126],"such":[107],"setting:":[109],"what":[110],"is":[111],"best":[113],"place":[114],"give":[116],"example":[117],"so":[121],"improve":[123],"its":[124],"performances?":[125],"study,":[128],"we":[129],"address":[130],"research":[132],"question":[133],"systematically":[135],"trying":[136],"different":[137,141],"shooting":[138],"combinations":[139],"popular":[142],"benchmarks":[143],"across":[144],"large":[146],"set":[147],"LLMs.":[149],"Our":[150],"experiments":[151],"show":[152],"it":[154],"tends":[155],"more":[158],"beneficial":[159],"through":[164],"prompting":[167],"mechanisms,":[168],"leaving":[169],"only":[170],"questions":[172],"into":[173],"messages.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}